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埃克曼数

埃克曼数Ekman number,简称Ek)是用来描述海洋大气地球物理学现象的无量纲数。埃克曼数是流体黏滞力和行星自转产生的科里奥利力的比值,埃克曼数得名自瑞典海洋学沃恩·华费特·埃克曼

埃克曼数也可以应用在任何旋转的流场中,此时,埃克曼数是其黏滞力及科氏力的比值。当埃克曼数小时,扰动在受摩擦力影响而消失之前就会开始传播。埃克曼数描述埃克曼层厚度的量值,也就是粘滞力和科里奥利力平衡的特殊边界层

定义

埃克曼数的定义如下:

其中

D为现象的特征尺度(多半是垂直的)
ν为运动黏滞系数(kinematic viscosity)
Ω为行星自转的角速度
φ为纬度

定义中的2 Ω sin φ是科里奥利频率

埃克曼数也可以用动粘滞系数ν、角速度Ω及特征尺度L表示,例如Tritton的公式如下

相反的NRL Plasma Formulary[1]的公式如下:

其中Ro是罗斯贝数,而Re是雷诺数

参考资料

  1. ^ NRL Formulary, page 23. Ipp.mpg.de. [2014-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-08). 


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埃克曼数
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