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福禄数

福禄数Froude number,Fr)为流体力学无量纲的标量,为惯性力重力效应之比,公式如下:

式中u为流体速度,L为物体特征长度,g为重力加速度

明渠流和波浪力学中都常用到福禄数。在明渠流中,长度L为水深h。在波浪力学中,福禄数代表平均流速与重力波的波速之比。福禄数与马赫数有一些类似。在理论流体力学中,通常不考虑福禄数。比如,齐次的欧拉方程就是一个守恒的方程。

船舶工程中,福禄数非常重要,可以用来计算淹没在水中的部分所受到的阻力[1]

  • 当Fr > 1 称为超临界流,为流速急湍,水深小的流况,表示惯性力对流动之影响较重力为大。
  • 当Fr < 1 为亚临界流,为流速缓慢,水深大的流况。
  • 当Fr = 1 为临界流英语Critical flow[2][3]


参考文献

  1. ^ 《環境流體力學環境流體力學環境》 (PDF). 国立中央大学土木系. [2019-12-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-05-17). 
  2. ^ 行政院研究发展考核委员会. 《水庫集水區生態水工結構物設計參數之建立》. 行政院研究发展考核委员会: 出版商. 2006-12-01 [2019-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-18). 
  3. ^ 福祿數 Froude number. 国家教育研究院. 2002-12 [2019-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-18). 


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福禄数
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