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毕达哥拉斯质数

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毕达哥拉斯质数是指可以表示为4n + 1形式的质数,若直角三角形的三边均为整数,斜边为质数,其斜边的边长即为毕达哥拉斯质数。

前几个毕达哥拉斯质数为

5, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41, 53, 61, 73, 89, 97, 101, 109, 113, … (OEIS数列A002144).

费马平方和定理陈述,毕达哥拉斯质数可以表示为二个平方数的和,其他质数除了2以外(2=12+12)都不能表示为二个平方数的和。毕达哥拉斯质数及2会在高斯整数范数中出现,其他的质数不会是高斯整数的范数。

毕达哥拉斯质数可以表示为一个奇数的平方数与一个偶数的平方数的和:毕达哥拉斯质数是可以表示为a2+4b2形式的质数。

依照二次互反律陈述,若pq为奇质数,其中至少有一个为毕达哥拉斯质数,则 p是模q二次剩余充份必要条件q是模p的二次剩余 。相反的,若pq都不是毕达哥拉斯质数,则p是模q的二次剩余的充份必要条件是q不是p二次剩余。−1是是模p的二次剩余的充份必要条件是p是毕达哥拉斯质数(或2)。

在p为毕达哥拉斯质数的Z/p中,多项式x^2 = -1有二个解。

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毕达哥拉斯质数
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