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正则素数

正则素数是一种素数,由恩斯特·库默尔在1847年为了处理费马最后定理而引入。它具有许多种等价的定义方式。其中之一是:

定义. 素数 是正则素数,当且仅当 不整除分圆域 类数。此定义简单却不易计算。

另一种定义方式是:素数 是正则素数,当且仅当 不整除伯努利数 的分子。

头几个正则素数为:

3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 41, ... (OEIS数列A007703

库默尔证明了:当 是正则素数时, 不存在非零整数解。最小的10个非正则素数是 375967101103131149157233257OEIS数列A000928)。 已知存在无穷多个非正则素数,而迄今仍未知是否存在无穷多个正则素数。

文献

  • Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory (3rd ed), Springer Verlag, 2004 ISBN 0-387-20860-7; section D2.
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正则素数
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