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斯特恩素数

数论中,斯特恩素数(英语:Stern prime)是不能写成素数跟非零平方数两倍之和的素数。换言之,若为素数,且不存在素数和正整数使,则为斯特恩素数。最小几个是:

2, 3, 17, 137, 227, 977, 1187, 1493 (OEIS数列A042978)。

例如:如果尝试从137中减去前几个平方数的双倍,可得到{135,129,119,105,87,65,39,9},其中没有一个是素数。这意味着137是斯特恩素数。另一方面,139不是斯特恩素数,因为可以表达为。149也不是斯特恩素数,因为

事实上,许多素数都有不止一个这样的表示。给定孪生素数,该对中较大的素数具有哥德巴赫表示。如果该素数是四胞胎素数中的最大值,则形如p + 8,即可写成斯隆OEISA007697列出了至少有n个不同的哥德巴赫表示的奇数。莱昂哈德·欧拉观察到,随着数字变大,它们有更多形式的表示。所以,没有此种表示的数,可能有上界;也就是说,斯特恩素数可能只有有限个,甚至条目起首可能已列齐全部。根据Jud McCranie的说法,这些是前100000个素数中仅有的斯特恩素数。[1]所有已知的斯特恩素数有比哥德巴赫表示更有效的华林表示[查证请求][来源请求][原创研究?]

除斯特恩素数外,还有奇斯特恩合数,但目前只发现有5777和5993。哥德巴赫曾经错误地推测所有斯特恩数都是素数。(有关奇斯特恩数,请参阅OEISA060003

哥德巴赫在给莱昂哈德·欧拉的一封信中推测,每个奇数都可以写成,其中为整数,为素数。劳伦特·霍奇斯认为斯特恩在阅读了哥德巴赫的书信之后对这个问题产生了兴趣。当时,1被认为是素数[2],因此3可以写成,不视为斯特恩素数。[3]根据任一定义,列表的其余部分保持不变。[查证请求][来源请求][原创研究?]

参考

  1. ^ Sloane, N.J.A. (编). Sequence A042978. The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. 
  2. ^ Caldwell, Chris K.; Reddick, Angela; Xiong, Yeng. The History of the Primality of One: A Selection of Sources (PDF). Journal of Integer Sequences. 2012, 15: 1–40 [2022-01-23]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-05). 
  3. ^ Hodges, Laurent. A lesser-known Goldbach conjecture (PDF). [2019-10-19]. 原始内容存档于2015-09-11. 
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斯特恩素数
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