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二氧化鈦

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二氧化钛
IUPAC名
Titanium dioxide
Titanium(IV) oxide
别名 Titania
金红石
锐钛矿
板钛矿
识别
CAS号 13463-67-7  checkY
PubChem 26042
ChemSpider 24256
SMILES
 
  • O=[Ti]=O
InChI
 
  • 1/2O.Ti/rO2Ti/c1-3-2
InChIKey GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-TYTSCOISAW
ChEBI 32234
RTECS XR2775000
KEGG C13409
性质
化学式 TiO
2
摩尔质量 79.866 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色固体
氣味 无味
密度
  • 4.23 g/cm3 (rutile)
  • 3.78 g/cm3 (anatase)
熔点 1843 °C(2116 K)
沸点 2972 °C(3245 K)
溶解性 不溶
能隙 3.05 eV (rutile)[1] eV
磁化率 +5.9·10−6 cm3/mol
折光度n
D
  • 2.488 (anatase)
  • 2.583 (brookite)
  • 2.609 (rutile)
热力学
ΔfHm298K −945 kJ·mol−1[2]
S298K 50 J·mol−1·K−1[2]
危险性
NFPA 704
0
1
0
 
闪点 不可燃
PEL TWA 15 mg/m3[3]
相关物质
其他阳离子 二氧化锆
二氧化铪
相关化合物 一氧化钛
三氧化二钛
Titanium(III,IV) oxide
相关化学品 钛酸
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二氧化钛TiO
2
)是的氧化物,作为色素时称钛白PW6CI 77891)。[4] 本化合物是不溶于水的白色固体,矿石可呈黑色。本化合物作为色素用途广泛,可作为绘画颜料、防晒霜食用色素E编码:E171)。2014年本化合物世界产量超过九百万吨[5][6][7]三分之二的色素含有本化合物,经济价值超过132亿美元。[8]

存在形式

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形式 晶系 合成
金红石 四方晶系
锐钛矿 四方晶系
板鈦礦 斜方晶系
TiO2(B)[9] 单斜晶系 K2Ti4O9 热解
TiO2(H), hollandite-like form[10] 四方晶系 Oxidation of the related potassium titanate bronze, K0.25TiO2
TiO2(R), ramsdellite-like form[11] 斜方晶系 Oxidation of the related lithium titanate bronze Li0.5TiO2
TiO2(II)-(α-PbO2-like form)[12] 斜方晶系
baddeleyite-like form, (7 coordinated Ti)[13] 单斜晶系
TiO2 -OI[14] 斜方晶系
cubic form[15] 立方晶系 P > 40 GPa, T > 1600 °C
TiO2 -OII, cotunnite(PbCl2)-like[16] 斜方晶系 P > 40 GPa, T > 700 °C

製備

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钛白粉的生产方法有硫酸法和氯化法两种。硫酸法是将钛铁矿经浓硫酸酸解成块状固相物,用酸性水浸取后得到钛液,经沉降除杂质、冷冻分离副产硫酸亚铁后,加晶种使硫酸氧钛分解生成偏钛酸。经水洗达标后煅烧、粉碎而制得钛白粉。

反应方程式:
「 2H2SO4 + TiO2→Ti(SO4)2 + 2H2O

Ti(SO4)2 + H2O→ TiOSO4 + H2SO4

TiOSO4 + H2O→H2TiO3↓+ H2SO4 H2TiO3·SO3→TiO2+H2O+SO3↑ 」
有誤待修正

氯化法是将粉碎后的金红石或高钛渣与焦炭混合,在硫化床氯化炉中与氯气反应生成四氯化钛,经净化,加入晶型转化剂于高浊罡氧化生成二氧化钛,再经水洗、干燥、粉碎得到。 反应方程式:

2TiO2 + 3C + 4Cl2→2TiCl4 + 2CO↑+ CO2

TiCl4(g)+O2 (g)→TiO2 (s)+ 2Cl2 (g)

用途

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參考資料

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  1. ^ Nowotny, Janusz. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. 2011: 156. ISBN 9781439848395. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Zumdahl, Steven S. Chemical Principles 6th Ed.. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2009: A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7. 
  3. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为PGCH的参考文献提供内容
  4. ^ Völz, Hans G., Pigments, Inorganic, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2 
  5. ^ "Titanium"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS
  6. ^ Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015 (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015. [2023-09-07]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-26). 
  7. ^ Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2016 (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2016. [2023-09-07]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-10). 
  8. ^ Schonbrun, Zach. The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color. Bloomberg.com. [2018-04-24]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09). 
  9. ^ Marchand R., Brohan L., Tournoux M. A new form of titanium dioxide and the potassium octatitanate K2Ti8O17. Materials Research Bulletin. 1980, 15 (8): 1129–1133. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(80)90076-8. 
  10. ^ Latroche, M; Brohan, L; Marchand, R; Tournoux,. New hollandite oxides: TiO2(H) and K0.06TiO2. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 1989, 81 (1): 78–82. Bibcode:1989JSSCh..81...78L. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(89)90204-1. 
  11. ^ Akimoto, J.; Gotoh, Y.; Oosawa, Y.; Nonose, N.; Kumagai, T.; Aoki, K.; Takei, H. Topotactic Oxidation of Ramsdellite-Type Li0.5TiO2, a New Polymorph of Titanium Dioxide: TiO2(R). Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 1994, 113 (1): 27–36. Bibcode:1994JSSCh.113...27A. doi:10.1006/jssc.1994.1337. 
  12. ^ Simons, P. Y.; Dachille, F. The structure of TiO2II, a high-pressure phase of TiO2. Acta Crystallographica. 1967, 23 (2): 334–336. doi:10.1107/S0365110X67002713. 
  13. ^ Sato H. , Endo S, Sugiyama M, Kikegawa T, Shimomura O, Kusaba K. Baddeleyite-Type High-Pressure Phase of TiO2. Science. 1991, 251 (4995): 786–788. Bibcode:1991Sci...251..786S. PMID 17775458. doi:10.1126/science.251.4995.786. 
  14. ^ Dubrovinskaia N A, Dubrovinsky L S., Ahuja R, Prokopenko V B., Dmitriev V., Weber H.-P., Osorio-Guillen J. M., Johansson B. Experimental and Theoretical Identification of a New High-Pressure TiO2 Polymorph. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 87 (27 Pt 1): 275501. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87A5501D. PMID 11800890. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.275501. 
  15. ^ Mattesini M, de Almeida J. S., Dubrovinsky L., Dubrovinskaia L, Johansson B., Ahuja R. High-pressure and high-temperature synthesis of the cubic TiO2 polymorph. Phys. Rev. B. 2004, 70 (21): 212101. Bibcode:2004PhRvB..70u2101M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.70.212101. 
  16. ^ Dubrovinsky, LS; Dubrovinskaia, NA; Swamy, V; Muscat, J; Harrison, NM; Ahuja, R; Holm, B; Johansson, B. Materials science: The hardest known oxide. Nature. 2001, 410 (6829): 653–654. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..653D. PMID 11287944. doi:10.1038/35070650. 

外部連結

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二氧化鈦
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