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二氧化铌

二氧化铌
IUPAC名
niobium(IV) oxide, niobium dioxide
别名 氧化铌(IV)
识别
CAS号 12034-59-2  checkY
PubChem 82839
SMILES
 
  • O=[Nb]=O
InChI
 
  • 1S/Nb.2O
EINECS 234-809-7
性质
化学式 NbO2
摩尔质量 124.91 g·mol⁻¹
外观 深蓝色固体
密度 5.98 g·cm−3[1]
熔点 1,915 °C(2,188 K)[2]
结构
晶体结构 四方晶系, tI96
空间群 I41/a, No. 88
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二氧化铌是一种无机化合物化学式为NbO2。它是一种深蓝色固体,也是一种非整比化合物,铌氧比例在 NbO1.94-NbO2.09 之间。[2]

制备与结构

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二氧化铌可以由Nb2O5 和H2在800–1350 °C 反应而成。[2] 另一种方法是Nb2O5 和金属铌在 1100 °C 发生的归中反应。[3]在工业生产金属铌时,NbO2会作为Nb2O5氢气还原过程中的中间体出现。[4] NbO2 会和镁蒸汽反应,生成铌金属。[5]

在室温, NbO2 会形成四方晶系金红石结构。它的 Nb-Nb 距离较短。[6] 高温下的二氧化铌也会形成类似金红石结构的晶体。它们的 Nb-Nb 距离也很短。[7]

据报道,二氧化铌有两个高压相,其中一个具有金红石结构,也具有短的Nb-Nb距离;另一种具有与斜锆石英语baddeleyite类似的结构,在更高压力下出现。 [8]

性质

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NbO2 不溶于水,是一种强还原剂,可以还原二氧化碳成碳单质,把二氧化硫还原成硫单质。[2]

高温下解NbO2,可以得到氮化物Nb0.84N。[9]NbO2和BaCO3在CS2中硫化,可以得到BaNbS3-δ[10]

参考资料

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  1. ^ Arne Magnéli, Georg Andersson, Gustav Sundkvist, Gustav Sundkvist. Note on the Crystal Structure of Niobium Dioxide.. Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 1955, 9: 1402–1402 [2020-07-18]. ISSN 0904-213X. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.09-1402. (原始内容存档于2018-06-03) (英语). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 C. K. Gupta, A. K. Suri, S Gupta, K Gupta (1994), Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium, CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-6071-4
  3. ^ Pradyot Patnaik (2002), Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals,McGraw-Hill Professional, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
  4. ^ Patent EP1524252, Sintered bodies based on niobium suboxide, Schnitter C, Wötting G
  5. ^ Method for producing tantalum/niobium metal powders by the reduction of their oxides by gaseous magnesium, US patent 6171363 (2001), Shekhter L.N., Tripp T.B., Lanin L.L. (H. C. Starck, Inc.)
  6. ^ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  7. ^ Bolzan, A; Fong, Celesta; Kennedy, Brendan J.; Howard, Christopher J. A Powder Neutron Diffraction Study of Semiconducting and Metallic Niobium Dioxide. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 1994, 113 (1): 9–14. Bibcode:1994JSSCh.113....9B. doi:10.1006/jssc.1994.1334. 
  8. ^ Haines, J.; Léger, J. M.; Pereira, A. S. High-pressure structural phase transitions in semiconducting niobium dioxide. Physical Review B. 1999, 59 (21): 13650. Bibcode:1999PhRvB..5913650H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.59.13650. hdl:10183/198788. 
  9. ^ Nancy Frenzel, Elisabeth Irran, Martin Lerch, Alexandra Buchsteiner. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Nb0.84N. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B. 2011-01-01, 66 (1): 1–6 [2020-07-19]. ISSN 1865-7117. doi:10.1515/znb-2011-0101. 
  10. ^ J. Yan, K.V. Ramanujachary, M. Greenblatt. The preparation and characterization of low-dimensional BaNbS3 − δ. Materials Research Bulletin. 1995-04, 30 (4): 463–469 [2020-07-19]. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(95)00012-7. (原始内容存档于2018-06-30) (英语). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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二氧化铌
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