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二氟化二氧

二氟化二氧
别名 二氧化二氟
氟化氧(I)
识别
缩写 FOOF
CAS号 7783-44-0  checkY
PubChem 123257
ChemSpider 109870
SMILES
 
  • FOOF
InChI
 
  • 1/F2O2/c1-3-4-2
InChIKey REAOZOPEJGPVCB-UHFFFAOYAK
Gmelin 1570
ChEBI 47866
性质
化学式 O2F2
摩尔质量 69.996 g·mol⁻¹
熔点 −154 °C
沸点 −57 °C (估计)
溶解性(其他溶剂) 分解
相关物质
相关化学品 OF2FClO2S2Cl2
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二氟化二氧是化学式为O2F2无机化合物,常压下熔点为-154°C。固态为黄色,液体为红色。它是极强的氧化剂,非常不稳定,在-160°C会缓慢分解为OF2和O2(4%/天)。[1]遇有机物、水和氨气等大多数化合物都会爆炸。昵称"FOOF"。

制备

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二氟化二氧首先由Otto Ruff在1933年制得,方法为低压下,对1:1氟气和氧气的混合物通电(25-30mA、2.1-2.4kV)。[2]

结构

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O2F2和OF2中,氧原子都具有不寻常的正氧化态,前者中为+1,后者中为+2。

二氟化二氧的结构类似于过氧化氢(H2O2),分子中的二面角较大,接近于90°,与价层电子对互斥理论预测的结构相符。O−O键长只比氧气中O=O的键长120.9pm大不到1pm,被认为存在O-O三键,而且由于F孤对电子与O-O的π轨道相互作用的缘故,O-F键键能较低。[3]类似的作用存在于F-F键能较低的氟气分子中。

二氟化二氧的结构

反应

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二氟化二氧的反应主要基于它的强氧化性及不稳定性。所有关于它的反应必须在−100°C左右进行,否则二氟化二氧会分解。[4]

它与BF3PF5反应都会生成相应的二氧基正离子的盐:[1]

2O2F2 + 2PF5 → 2[O2+]PF6 + F2

与铀和钚的氧化物反应则生成相应的六氟化物。[5]

用处

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二氟化二氧目前没有实际用途,但有理论研究。二氟化二氧可以在史无前例的低温下合成六氟化钚,而之前的制备方法都需要会让六氟化钚分解的高温。[6]

另見

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  2. ^ Otto Ruff, W. Menzel. Neue Sauerstofffluoride: O2F2 und OF. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1933), 211 (1-2): 204–208. doi:10.1002/zaac.19332110122. 
  3. ^ Bridgeman, A. J., Rothery, J. "Bonding in mixed halogen and hydrogen peroxides" Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1999, 4077-4082. DOI:10.1039/a904968a
  4. ^ Streng, A. G. The Chemical Properties of Dioxygen Difluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1963, 85 (10): 1380–1385. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja00893a004. 
  5. ^ Atwood, David A., Fluorine: Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Fluorine: Inorganic Chemistry by Darryl D. DesMarteau, Charles W. Bauknight, Jr., & Todd E. Mlsna which appeared in theEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition., Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006-03-15, doi:10.1002/0470862106.ia076 
  6. ^ Malm, J. G.; Eller, P. G.; Asprey, L. B. Low temperature synthesis of plutonium hexafluoride using dioxygen difluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1984, 106 (9): 2726–2727. doi:10.1021/ja00321a056. 

外部链接

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二氟化二氧
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