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甲氧西林

甲氧西林
臨床資料
给药途径靜脈注射
ATC碼
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度口服不能吸收
药物代谢,20–40%
生物半衰期25-60分钟
排泄途徑
识别信息
  • (2S,5R,6R)-6-(2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
CAS号61-32-5  checkY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.460 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C17H20N2O6S
摩尔质量380.42 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
密度1.44±0.1[1] g/cm3
  • OC(=O)[C@@H]2N3C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)c1c(OC)cccc1OC)[C@H]3SC2(C)C

甲氧西林(Methicillin)是一种于1960年首次合成的β-内酰胺类半合成抗生素[2]。发现于1960年[3],主要对金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌有作用,可用于治疗败血症呼吸道感染脑膜炎等由细菌感染引发的病症[2]

作用机理

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甲氧西林属于β-内酰胺类抗生素中的青霉素类抗生素,是一种半合成的耐酶青霉素,对革兰氏阳性菌有较好杀灭作用。甲氧西林能抑制细菌肽聚糖的交联抑制细菌细胞壁的合成,起到杀灭细菌的作用。更具体地说,甲氧西林在结构上是D-丙氨酰-D-丙氨酸(D-alanyl-alanine)的类似物,它通过与青霉素结合蛋白英语Penicillin binding proteins(PBP)结合,并竞争性抑制该蛋白的酶活性达到阻止肽聚糖交联的目的[4][5]

临床

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甲氧西林遇酸易分解,因此不能口服,只能通过注射给药。同时,因为甲氧西林抗菌活性低,所以需要大剂量注射才能保持活性[2][5],主要用以治疗由革兰氏阳性菌感染造成的病症[2]。目前,甲氧西林已基本不在临床上使用,临床上现在一般使用氟氯西林双氯西林替代甲氧西林[6]

抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)最初发现于1960年代。该名词目前作为历史名词保留,用来泛指对所有青霉素类抗生素都具有抗性的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株[6][7]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02 (© 1994-2018 ACD/Labs). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2018-7-3]
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Methicillin. PubChem. [2018-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-03) (英语). 
  3. ^ Walker, S. R. Trends and Changes in Drug Research and Development. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012: 109 [2017-11-11]. ISBN 9789400926592. (原始内容存档于2017-09-10) (英语). 
  4. ^ Gladwin M., Trattler B. Clinical Microbiology made ridiculously simple. 3rd edition. Miami: MedMaster, Inc.; 2004.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 尤启冬; et al. 药物化学 第7版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 2012: 301–302. ISBN 978-7-117-14434-6. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Newsom, SW. MRSA--past, present, future. J R Soc Med: 509–10. PMC 1079642可免费查阅. PMID 15520143. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.11.509. 
  7. ^ Meticillin. britannica. [2018-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-03). 
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甲氧西林
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