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多黏菌素

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多黏菌素[1](polymyxin)又称多黏桿菌素[2],是由多黏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus polymyxa)产生的多组分杂肽类抗生素的总称。由于静脉给药可致严重肾毒性英语Nephrotoxicity与神经毒性,已较少用,但近年来随着对碳青霉烯类耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌铜绿假单胞菌肠杆菌克雷伯菌[3]等细菌耐药形势日益严峻,由于可选择药物有限,临床有时仍考虑使用多黏菌素[4]

主要包括:多黏菌素B(polymyxin B)及 多黏菌素E(polymyxin E),后者也称 黏菌素[5][6](colistin)。血药浓度监测不仅能保证治疗效果,也能降低肾脏损害的风险。发生肾毒性时多黏菌素E需调整剂量,而多黏菌素B无需调整剂量,多数在停药后肾功能可恢复[7][8];且应避免与氨基糖苷类、万古霉素等其他肾毒性药物合用。

参考

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  1. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=polymyxin
  2. ^ https://terms.naer.edu.tw/search/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=1TzExPB14qqpsj9VB2vxzNphb1Y3MEBGSigCdUSdFrO1hMurtw4n7Ff2uWZu81wR&match_type=phrase&query_op=&query_field=title&query_term=polymyxin
  3. ^ 武永莉, 鲁炳怀. 肺炎克雷伯菌多黏菌素耐药机制的研究进展 [J] . 中华检验医学杂志, 2023, 46(6) : 628-633. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn114452-20230110-00015.
  4. ^ 中国研究型医院学会危重医学专业委员会, 中国研究型医院学会感染性疾病循证与转化专业委员会. 多黏菌素临床应用中国专家共识. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2019, 28(10): 1218-1222.
  5. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=colistin
  6. ^ https://terms.naer.edu.tw/search/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=1TzExPB14qqpsj9VB2vxzNphb1Y3MEBGSigCdUSdFrO1hMurtw4n7Ff2uWZu81wR&match_type=phrase&query_op=&query_field=title&query_term=colistin
  7. ^ Ribera A, Benavent E, Lora-Tamayo J, et al. Osteoarticular infection caused by MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the benefits of combination therapy with colistin plus beta-lactams[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2015, 70(12): 3357-3365.
  8. ^ Abdellatif S, Trifi A, Daly F, et al. Efficacy and toxicity of aerosolised colistin in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a prospective, randomised trial[J]. Ann Intensive Care, 2016, 6(1): 26.

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多黏菌素
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