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肺炎克雷伯氏菌

肺炎克雷伯氏菌
克雷伯氏肺炎菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae
科学分类 编辑
域: 细菌域 Bacteria
界: 细菌界 Bacteria
门: 變形菌門 Pseudomonadota
纲: γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria
目: 肠杆菌目 Enterobacterales
科: 肠杆菌科 Enterobacteriaceae
属: 克雷伯氏菌属 Klebsiella
种:
肺炎克雷伯氏菌 K. pneumoniae
二名法
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(Schroeter, 1886) Trevisan, 1887
異名
  • 克雷伯氏产气杆菌 Klebsiella aerogenes
  • 产气气杆菌 Aerobacter aerogenes

肺炎克雷伯氏菌學名Klebsiella pneumoniae)简称肺克[1](Kp[2],KP[3]),是肠杆菌科克雷伯氏菌属的一种,屬於革蘭氏陰性菌,桿狀,有大量黏性的多醣形成的莢膜包覆。肺炎克雷伯氏菌可以在人類,特別是免疫力低弱的個體造成肺炎尿路感染菌血症等等感染症。[4][5]然而除了院內感染之外,近年來社區型感染也漸漸增加。在台灣的糖尿病病患中,克雷伯氏菌經常是造成肝膿瘍(liver abscess)的病源。[6]

克雷伯氏菌可以進行乳糖發酵,屬於兼性厭氧生物,它是目前檸檬酸發酵被研究的最清楚的微生物[7]

克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌M5a1菌株在1991年被重新鉴定为克雷伯氏产酸杆菌(K. oxytoca)[8]

歷史

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西元1884年丹麥科學家漢斯·克里斯蒂安·革蘭(1853年-1938年)研發了革蘭氏染色法,當初即是用來分辨肺炎鏈球菌(屬革蘭氏陽性)與克雷伯氏肺炎菌(革蘭氏陰性)。

德國微生物學家艾德溫·克雷伯(Edwin Klebs)首先描述了克雷伯氏肺炎菌,此菌後來因此得名。

1996年,美國北卡羅納州出現具有A類碳青黴烯酶的肺炎克雷伯氏菌,全名為「肺炎克雷伯氏菌碳青黴烯酶」(KPC,Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase),能使碳青黴烯類抗生素失去藥效,致死率30%~60%[9]

注釋

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  1. ^ 张欣, 陈佰义. 高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌感染研究进展 [J] . 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2020,43 (10): 870-874. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20191111-00748
  2. ^ Arato V, Raso MM, Gasperini G, Berlanda Scorza F, Micoli F. Prophylaxis and Treatment against Klebsiella pneumoniae: Current Insights on This Emerging Anti-Microbial Resistant Global Threat. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 14;22(8):4042. doi: 10.3390/ijms22084042. PMID: 33919847; PMCID: PMC8070759.
  3. ^ Bassetti M, Righi E, Carnelutti A, Graziano E, Russo A. Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: challenges for treatment, prevention and infection control. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2018 Oct;16(10):749-761. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1522249. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30207815.
  4. ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors). Sherris Medical Microbiology 4th ed. McGraw Hill. 2004. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9. 
  5. ^ Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 。
  6. ^ Fang CT. A novel virulence gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains causing primary liver abscess and septic metastatic complications.. J Exp Med  . 2004, 199 ( ): 697–705. PMID 14993253. 
  7. ^ Bott M. Anaerobic citrate metabolism and its regulation in enterobacteria.. Arch Microbiol. 1997, 167 (2-3): 78–88. PMID 9133329. 
  8. ^ Ohta, K; Beall, DS; Mejia, JP; Shanmugam, KT; Ingram, LO. Metabolic engineering of Klebsiella oxytoca M5A1 for ethanol production from xylose and glucose.. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1991-10, 57 (10): 2810–5. PMID 1746941. doi:10.1128/aem.57.10.2810-2815.1991. 
  9. ^ 超級細菌页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),《生物醫學 第三卷·第四期》,曾嶔元,2010年10月,[2015-01-17查閱]

外部連結

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肺炎克雷伯氏菌
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