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盖亚香肠

盖亚香肠
或盖亚-恩克拉多斯
或恩克拉多斯星系
艺术家对盖亚-恩克拉多斯星系碎片的印象。
艺术家对盖亚-恩克拉多斯星系碎片的印象。黄色箭头表示起源于矮星系的恒星位置和速度,这些数据来自于与银河系的模拟合并,据信其性质与已经发生的合并相似。
观测资料
参见:星系星系列表
盖亚跨越夜空的恒星密度图。盖亚香肠是看不见的,但是它的位置比隐带更低。

盖亚香肠盖亚-恩克拉多斯是大约80-110亿年前与银河系合并的矮星系Sausage GalaxyGaia-Enceladus-Sausage、或Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus)的遗迹。银河系中至少有8个球状星团以及500亿太阳质量的恒星、气体和暗物质来自这个矮星系[1]。它代表着银河系最后一次重大的合并[2]

词源

其所以被称为盖亚香肠,是因为在速度空间图中,成员分布的特征像香肠的形状,特别是使用盖亚任务的数据绘制的径向()与恒星(见球面坐标系)的方位角速度()的曲线图[1]。与银河系合并的恒星有高度细长的轨道。它们轨道的最外侧点距离银河系中心约20,000秒差距,这就是所谓的"晕断裂"[3]。这些恒星以前在依巴谷数据中见过[4],并被确认为起源于一个吸积星系[5]

"恩克拉多斯"这个名字是指神话中的巨人恩克拉多斯,他被埋葬在埃特纳火山下,并引发了地震。因此,这个前星系被掩埋在银河系中,并导致膨胀的厚圆盘[2]

成员

球状星团

确定为前盖亚香肠成员的球状星团有M2M56M75M79NGC 1851NGC 2298NGC 5286[1]

NGC 2808: 球状星团还是旧核心?

NGC 2808可能是盖亚香肠的旧核心。

NGC 2808是盖亚香肠类似球状星团的成员。这个星团的成员全部都是在星团形成后2亿年内诞生的三代恒星组成[6]

解释三代恒星的一种理论是NGC 2808是盖亚香肠的前核心[1]。这也可以解释超过一百万颗恒星的异常,因为对于球状星团来说,这样的恒星数量是异常大的。

恒星

来自这个矮星系的恒星围绕银河系核心运行,其极端的离心率约为0.9。它们的金属量通常也比其它晕星高,大多数恒星的[Fe/H]>为 -1.7dex,即至少为太阳值的2%[3][7]

"盖亚香肠"重建了银河系,它带入银河系的气体触发了新一轮的恒星诞生,补充了银河盘面的恒星,使薄盘膨胀成为厚盘。来自矮星系的碎片提供了银晕中大部分富含金属的部分[1]

相关条目

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Myeong, G.C.; Evans, N.W.; Belokurov, V.; Sanders, J.L.; Koposov, S. The Sausage globular clusters. The Astrophysical Journal. 2018, 863 (2): L28. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863L..28M. S2CID 67791285. arXiv:1805.00453可免费查阅. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aad7f7. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Galactic Ghosts: Gaia Uncovers Major Event in the Formation of the Milky Way Galaxy. Gaia. ESA. 31 October 2018 [2022-06-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-14). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Deason, Alis; Belokurov, Vasily; Koposov, Sergey; Lancaster, Lachlan. Apocenter Pile-Up: Origin of the stellar halo density break. The Astrophysical Journal. 2018, 862 (1): L1. Bibcode:2018ApJ...862L...1D. S2CID 118936735. arXiv:1805.10288可免费查阅. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aad0ee. 
  4. ^ Chiba, Masashi; Beers, Timothy C. Kinematics of Metal-poor Stars in the Galaxy. III. Formation of the Stellar Halo and Thick Disk as Revealed from a Large Sample of Nonkinematically Selected Stars. The Astronomical Journal. June 2000, 119 (6): 2843–2865. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2843C. S2CID 16620828. arXiv:astro-ph/0003087可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/301409. 
  5. ^ Brook, Chris B.; Kawata, Daisuke; Gibson, Brad K.; Flynn, Chris. Galactic Halo Stars in Phase Space: A Hint of Satellite Accretion?. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 March 2003, 585 (2): L125–L129. Bibcode:2003ApJ...585L.125B. S2CID 16936195. arXiv:astro-ph/0301596可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/374306. 
  6. ^ Piotto, G.; et al. A Triple Main Sequence in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808. The Astrophysical Journal. May 2007, 661 (1): L53–L56. Bibcode:2007ApJ...661L..53P. S2CID 119376556. arXiv:astro-ph/0703767可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/518503. 
  7. ^ Iorio, Giuliano; Belokurov, Vasily. Chemo-kinematcs of the Gaia RR Lyrae: the halo and the disc. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2021, 502 (4): 5686–5710. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.502.5686I. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab005. 

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盖亚香肠
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