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麒麟座环

麒麟是由恒星组成,像环形灯丝般环绕银河系三次的一个细长的复杂结构。它被建议是大犬座矮星系在银河系数十亿年的潮汐力作用下被撕裂出来的星流残留物,而其中的一部分已经与银河系合并。然而,这个观点与过程长久以来都有着争议[1]。这个环长达20万光年和1亿个太阳质量[2]

发现

在2002年,处理史隆数位巡天资料的天文学家首度报告这个星流的存在。而在调查这个环中的恒星和邻近的人马座矮椭球星系内的球状星团之间相似的关联性时,才发现了大犬座矮星系[3]

争论

在2006年,使用2MASS的资料研究这个环的本质时,引发了争议。资料显示环的性质实际上是银河系的盘面被扭曲的一部分[1]。不过,使用AAT在2007年发表的论文认为盘面的扭曲无法创造出观测所见到的结构,因此必须若不是银河系的盘面发生闪焰,就是源自银河系外[4]

几个科学界的社群最近都重申其立场,认为麒麟环的结构只是银河系厚盘因为闪焰和扭曲发展出来的高密度区[5]

在2015年,一个国际科学小组的一项研究,将史隆数位巡天的银河系内资料,进行筛选并排序之后,建议银河系的实际大小比以前所认知的还要大50%[6]。它改变了银河系的盘面,恒星不是只在平面上,而是像瓦楞纸版。当它从太阳向外辐射时,它至少在银河的盘面上产生了四个涟漪。科学家认为这个模式会扩及整个银河系的盘面[7]

顺着这个思路想下去,就像船在海上航行时有很高的海浪,或是身在丘陵地形。下一个高起的浪头或是丘陵会阻碍了视线。同样的,银河的结构也会阻碍我们的观察,升起的结构显然遮蔽了星系盘面很大的一部分。基于麒麟座环的距离,银河系的直径从100,000-120,000光年扩展至150,000-180,000光年。在这个修正的范例中,太阳系不是位于星系半径的三分之二处,而是在核心和边缘的中间[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Y. Momany; et al. Outer structure of the Galactic warp and flare: explaining the Canis Major over-density (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2006, 451 (2): 515–38 [2017-01-10]. Bibcode:2006A&A...451..515M. arXiv:astro-ph/0603385可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054081. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04). 
  2. ^ Ibata, Rodrigo; Gibson, Brad. The Ghosts of Galaxies Past. Scientific American. April 2007, 296 (4): 40–45. PMID 17479629. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0407-40. 
  3. ^ Newberg; et al. The Ghost of Sagittarius and Lumps in the Halo of the Milky Way. The Astrophysical Journal. 1 April 2002, 569 (1): 245–274. Bibcode:2002ApJ...569..245N. arXiv:astro-ph/0111095可免费查阅. doi:10.1086/338983. 
  4. ^ Conn, Blair C.; Lane, Richard R.; Lewis, Geraint F.; Gil-Merino, Rodrigo; Irwin, Mike J.; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Bellazzini, Michele; Sharp, Robert; Tuntsov, Artem V.; Ferguson, Annette M. N. The AAT/WFI survey of the Monoceros Ring and Canis Major dwarf galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. April 1, 2007, 376 (3): 939–959. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.376..939C. arXiv:astro-ph/0701664可免费查阅. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11503.x. 
  5. ^ M. Lopez-Corredoira, A; et al. Comments on the "Monoceros" affair. July 2012. Bibcode:2012arXiv1207.2749L. arXiv:1207.2749可免费查阅. 
  6. ^ Mary L. Martialay. The Corrugated Galaxy—Milky Way May Be Much Larger Than Previously Estimated (新闻稿). Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March 11, 2015 [2017-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-13). 
  7. ^ Scott Sutherland. This 'corrugated' view of the Milky Way just made our home galaxy a LOT bigger.. The Weather Network. March 16, 2015 [2017-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-19). 
  8. ^ Yan Xu; et al. Rings and Radial Waves in the Disk of the Milky Way. The Astrophysical Journal. March 1, 2015, 801 (2). Bibcode:2015ApJ...801..105X. arXiv:1503.00257可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/105. 
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麒麟座环
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