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纳秀毕吐龙属

纳秀毕吐龙属
化石时期:白垩纪晚期,73 Ma
纳秀毕吐龙的颅骨重建模型
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科: 鸭嘴龙科 Hadrosauridae
亚科: 栉龙亚科 Saurolophinae
属: 纳秀毕吐龙属 Naashoibitosaurus
Hunt & Lucas, 1993
模式种
奥氏纳秀毕吐龙
Naashoibitosaurus ostromi

Hunt & Lucas, 1993

纳秀毕吐龙属属名Naashoibitosaurus,源于纳瓦荷语naʼashǫ́ʼii bitooh,属名全意为“溪流蜥蜴”)是种鸟脚亚目鸭嘴龙科恐龙,生存于晚白垩纪,约7300万年前。化石发现于美国新墨西哥州圣胡安县的嘉德兰组,目前只发现一个部分骨骼。这个化石最初被杰克·霍纳(Jack Horner)归类于小贵族龙。纳秀毕吐龙与小贵族龙之间有复杂的分类历史。

叙述

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纳秀毕吐龙的化石只有一个部分骨骼(编号NMMNH P-16106),其生理特征资讯不多。纳秀毕吐龙的眼睛前方,具有低矮的鼻骨冠饰,但拱起幅度没有其相近物种格里芬龙[1]

分类

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纳秀毕吐龙属于栉龙亚科,因为牠们缺乏内部中空的头冠。纳秀毕吐龙与具有实心头冠的栉龙是近亲[2]。如果纳秀毕吐龙与小贵族龙是同种动物,较早命名的小贵族龙将具有优先权。

历史

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纳秀毕吐龙有非常混乱的分类历史。纳秀毕吐龙的模式标本是由David Gillette与David Thomas挖出,发现于嘉德兰组的Naashoibito段,是嘉德兰组的最年轻一层,也是纳秀毕吐龙的名称来源。但实际上,其化石来自于嘉德兰组的De-na-zin段,年代更为古老,属于坎潘阶晚期[3]。在1992年,杰克·霍纳(Jack Horner)叙述了这个头骨,认为该头骨属于一个小贵族龙的幼年个体[1]。在同一年,阿德里安·亨特(Adrian Hunt)与史宾赛·卢卡斯(Spencer G. Lucas)将其颅后骨骼归类于萨斯喀彻温埃德蒙顿龙E. saskatchewanensis[4];两人认为头骨部分不属于埃德蒙顿龙,而小贵族龙的有限化石无法得出任何识别的特征,因此将小贵族龙列为疑名,并将该头骨建立为纳秀毕吐龙Naashoibitosaurus[5]

在2000年,汤玛斯·威廉森(Thomas Williamson)比较了纳秀毕吐龙与小贵族龙的头骨,发现两者形态上的差异,可能是因不同年龄产生的。威廉森与亨特、卢卡斯的见解不同,他认为小贵族龙的模式标本可供鉴定,而且与纳秀毕吐龙不同。他同时指出霍纳对鸭嘴龙亚科鼻骨的见解,提出不同意见。威廉森并指出纳秀毕吐龙的化石出处有问题,与小贵族龙的化石年代相同,而非来自于较年轻的地层[3]。在杰克·霍纳等人于2004年出版的《The Dinosauria》中,纳秀毕吐龙与小贵族龙被列为不同属[2]。纳秀毕吐龙的部分头骨缺乏喙状嘴与下颌,造成鉴定、比较上的困难[6]。纳秀毕吐龙目前只有一个标本,需要更多的化石,才能了解纳秀毕吐龙与小贵族龙的分类关系。

古生态学

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如同其他鸭嘴龙类,纳秀毕吐龙是种大型、二足、植食性恐龙,头部构造复杂,下颌可以做出类似咀嚼的研磨动作。牠们有数百颗牙齿,形成齿系(Dental batteries),会不断成长、更换,同一时间只会使用少部分牙齿。牠们会用喙嘴切断植物,并将食物置于两旁的颊囊中。牠们以离地面四米以下的植物为食[2]。如果纳秀毕吐龙与小贵族龙是不同的属,目前仍不清楚牠们将如何区分食物资源。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Horner, John R. Cranial morphology of Prosaurolophus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) with descriptions of two new hadrosaurid species and an evaluation of hadrosaurid phylogenetic relationships. Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper. 1992, 2: 1–119. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Horner, John R.; Weishampel, David B.; and Forster, Catherine A. Hadrosauridae. Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 438-463. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Williamson, Thomas E. Review of Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Lucas, S.G.; and Heckert, A.B. (eds.) (编). Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 17. Albuqueque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 2000: 191–213. 
  4. ^ Hunt, Adrian P.; and Lucas, Spencer G. Stratigraphy, paleontology, and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (Upper Cretaceous) San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Lucas, S.G.; Kues, B.S.; Williamson, T.E.; and Hunt, A.P. (eds.) (编). New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 43. New Mexico Geological Society. 1992: 217-239. 
  5. ^ Hunt, Adrian P.; and Lucas, Spencer G. Cretaceous vertebrates of New Mexico. Lucas, S.G.; and Zidek, J. (eds.) (编). Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 2. Albuqueque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 1993: 77–91. 
  6. ^ Kirkland, James I.; Hernández-Rivera, René; Gates, Terry; Paul, Gregory S.; Nesbitt, Sterling; Serrano-Brañas, Claudia Inés; and Garcia-de la Garza, Juan Pablo. Large hadrosaurine dinosaurs from the latest Campanian of Coahuila, Mexico. Lucas, S.G.; and Sullivan, Robert M. (eds.) (编). Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 35. Albuqueque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 2006: 299–315. 

外部链接

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纳秀毕吐龙属
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