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始糙齿龙属

始糙齿龙属
化石时期:白垩纪晚期
86–83.6 Ma
上颌骨
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科: 鸭嘴龙科 Hadrosauridae
属: 始糙齿龙属 Eotrachodon
Prieto-Márquez, Erickson and Ebersole, 2016
模式种
东方始糙齿龙
Eotrachodon orientalis

Prieto-Márquez, Erickson and Ebersole, 2016

始糙齿龙属名Eotrachodon,意为“黎明的糙齿龙”)是种鸭嘴龙科恐龙,生存于白垩纪晚期桑托阶(约8300万年前)的北美洲东部。[1][2]

发现及命名

复原图

正模标本MSC 7949是一个保存良好的头骨及部分骨骼,于2007年发现于阿拉巴马州摩尔维尔白垩组英语Mooreville Chalk(Mooreville Chalk Formation)的粉砂岩层中,年代为上桑托阶。始糙齿龙是阿帕拉契亚古陆英语Appalachia (landmass)(Appalachia)罕见的恐龙标本之一,同时也是该地最完整的鸭嘴龙科。另一种原始鸭嘴龙科冠长鼻龙也来自同一地层,但始糙齿龙年代较早几百万年。[1]

模式种东方始糙齿龙Eotrachodon orientalis)由Albert Prieto-Márquez、Gregory M. Erickson和Jun A. Ebersole发表于2016年。属名由希腊文的ἠώς(黎明、曙光)加上糙齿龙属(一个已废弃的鸭嘴龙科分类单元)的属名所组成,以象征牠的早期性质。种名为拉丁语“来自东方”,因为阿拉巴马州在当时属于被北美内海分隔的东方次大陆(即阿帕拉契亚古陆)的一部分。[1]

叙述

标本来自较年轻的个体。是种较小型的鸭嘴龙科,身长约5米。[1]

分类

系统发生学分析发现始糙齿龙和鸭嘴龙一同位于鸭嘴龙科的最基础位置,并与后来的真鸭嘴龙类(栉龙亚科赖氏龙亚科)互成姊妹群,支序图如下所示:[1]

鸭嘴龙科
Hadrosauridae

福氏鸭嘴龙
Hadrosaurus foulkii

东方始糙齿龙
Eotrachodon orientalis

栉龙科(=真鸭嘴龙类)
Saurolophidae (=Euhadrosauria)

赖氏龙亚科
Lambeosaurinae

栉龙亚科
Saurolophinae

始糙齿龙同时具有祖先型(鸭嘴龙形态类)和进阶型(栉龙亚科)的特征。[2]其发现表明,栉龙亚科在与赖氏龙亚科分化后,经过不久的辐射演化就发展出前者的典型吻部结构;同时又与其他阿帕拉契亚鸭嘴龙科:鸭嘴龙、冠长鼻龙、破碎龙阔步龙的两个一起,可能代表着阿帕拉契亚是鸭嘴龙科的起源地,牠们在那里发展一阵子后才迁徙到西方的拉腊米迪亚[2]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Prieto-Marquez, Albert; Erickson, Gregory M.; Ebersole, Jun A. A primitive hadrosaurid from southeastern North America and the origin and early evolution of 'duck-billed' dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2016, 36 (2): e1054495. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1054495. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Erickson, Gregory M.; Ebersole, Jun A. Anatomy and osteohistology of the basal hadrosaurid dinosaur Eotrachodon from the uppermost Santonian (Cretaceous) of southern Appalachia. PeerJ. 14 April 2016, 4: e1872. PMC 4841272可免费查阅. PMID 27114863. doi:10.7717/peerj.1872. 
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始糙齿龙属
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