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山东龙属

山东龙属
化石时期:白垩纪后期,80–72 Ma
山东龙的骨架模型,2012年于日本幕张展览馆展出
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科: 鸭嘴龙科 Hadrosauridae
亚科: 栉龙亚科 Saurolophinae
族: 埃德蒙顿龙族 Edmontosaurini
属: 山东龙属 Shantungosaurus
Hu, 1973
模式种
巨型山东龙
Shantungosaurus giganteus

Hu, 1973
异名

山东龙属属名Shantungosaurus,意为“山东蜥蜴”)是种头部平坦,没有冠饰的鸭嘴龙科恐龙,归类于栉龙亚科[1],为世界上已知最大型的非蜥脚类植食恐龙,其体型甚至超越暴龙棘龙等最大型的肉食恐龙。山东龙发现于中国山东半岛的王氏群地层,地质年代属于晚白垩纪

叙述

四种大型鸟脚类恐龙的体型相比。由左到右分别为:山东龙、巨保罗龙鸭龙(连接埃德蒙顿龙)、帝王埃德蒙顿龙

山东龙是目前已知体型最大、身长最长的鸭嘴龙科恐龙之一。一个中等个体的复合骨骸保存于北京中国地质学院,该正模标本身长14.72米[2],头颅骨长1.63米[3]。山东龙重量估计约达16吨[4]。山东龙具有长尾巴,可能使身体的重心维持在臀部[5]。根据复合材料而重建的诸城龙骨架模型,身长可达16.6米。目前诸城龙被视为根山东龙是同种动物,使得山东龙成为已知最大型的鸟臀目恐龙[6]

如同所有鸭嘴龙类,山东龙的喙状嘴缺乏牙齿,但牠们颌部有1,500颗咀嚼用牙齿。山东龙鼻孔附近有个由宽松垂下物所覆盖的洞,可能用来发出声音。

发现与种

山东龙的复原图

化石在1964年发现于山东省诸城市,目前已发现超过5个不完整骨骸。中国古生物学家徐星根据目前已发现化石,发现山东龙与埃德蒙顿龙有许多共同特征,两者可能形成一个演化支

在2007年被叙述、命名的巨大诸城龙Zhuchengosaurus maximus),化石来自于数个个体,包含头颅骨、四肢骨头、脊椎,也是发现于山东省诸城市[6]。在2011年,研究发现山东龙、诸城龙其实是同种动物,代表不同生长阶段[7]

照片

参考资料

  1. ^ Prieto-Márquez, A. Global phylogeny of Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) using parsimony and Bayesian methods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2010, 159 (2): 435–502. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00617.x. 
  2. ^ Glut, Donald F. Shantungosaurus. Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. 1997: 816–817. ISBN 0-89950-917-7. 
  3. ^ (英文)Hu Chengzhi; Cheng Zhengwu; Pang Qiping; and Fang Xiaosi. Shantungosaurus giganteus. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 2001: 123–135. ISBN 7-116-03472-2 (中文). 
  4. ^ Horner, John R. (paleontologist); Weishampel, David B.; and Forster, Catherine A. Hadrosauridae. Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 438-463. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. 
  5. ^ Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 148. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Zhao, X.; Li, D.; Han, G.; Hao, H.; Liu, F.; Li, L.; and Fang, X. Zhuchengosaurus maximus from Shandong Province. Acta Geoscientia Sinica. 2007, 28 (2): 111–122. doi:10.1007/s10114-005-0808-x. 
  7. ^ Ji, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Y., and Ji, Q. (2011). "Systematics, behavior and living environment of Shantungosaurus giganteus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae)." Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 85(1): 58-65. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00378.x
  • 董枝明. Dinosaurian Faunas of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing. 1992. ISBN 978-3-540-52084-9. 
  • Mallam, John. Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Parragon Publishing, UK. 2003.  157.

外部链接

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山东龙属
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