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吴应箕

吴应箕(1594年10月24日—1645年12月2日),次尾楼山安徽贵池大演(今石台大演乡)高田人,复社领袖,诗人、学者。

生平

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万历二十二年九月十一日(10月24日)出生于石台县大演乡永福村高田组。性豪放,“性喜声,使娱乐,不肯一日郁郁作穷悴状。”[1]崇祯十二年(1639年)和陈贞慧起筆《留都防乱公揭》,歷數阮大铖罪行。八试不第,崇祯十五年(1642年)中乡试副榜。工書法草书初学黄庭坚,後宗米芾颜真卿。好与忠贞志士交往。

弘光元年(1645年)闰六月在家乡起兵抗清,与徽州金声等义兵相呼应,一度收复皖南大部。唐王授以池州推官之职,纪监军事。十月,在贵池县泥湾山口阻击清兵,兵败灌口,退至回山,於壓氣培(今烏鴉培,在大演鄉新龍村境內)为清兵俘获,押送府城,十月十七日行至山口施松林[2],清兵恐引起騷動,就義於池州城外石灰衝[3],清兵割首而去[4],《池州府志》载“头入郭门如生,三日不变”。侯方域挽词:“面冷而苍,髯怒以张;言如风发,气夺电光”。清道光二十九年(1849年)山口二秀才施士端、施士谦感其忠烈,在殉难地捐立碑石,以志纪念。吴应箕诗歌坚实质朴,激昂豪放,著有《兩朝剝復錄》、《国朝记事本末》、《留都见闻录》、《楼山堂集》等等。

参见

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注釋

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  1. ^ 《楼山堂集·本传》
  2. ^ 高承埏《崇祯忠义录》。《楼山堂遗文》中“题注” 所标的确切时间是“乙酉十月十五日”。(《楼山堂遗文》卷六《又与族众札(乙酉十月十五日)》)
  3. ^ 查继佐《国寿录·诸生吴子传》载:“乙酉闰六月,各郡县兵起,应箕倾家募士数千,复贵池。久之,各师溃,贵池亦遂陷,应箕被执。从容谓主将曰:‘吾分必死,但有三事得相假,即地下无所恨。’主将问曰:‘何?’应箕曰:‘起义自我,无与百姓事,我以身殉,诸可勿问;二我有遗书若干藏某处,愿得付某门生,勿并灾身后笔墨;三曰我有弱女,已字某,未归,愿得吾目前观其成偶。’主将高其义,皆如应箕言,因欲曲宥之,应箕曰:‘即生我,我必自杀。’于是正襟南向而遇害。”
  4. ^ 刘城认为吴应箕死於贵池城十余里外的石灰冲。(刘城《吴次尾先生传》)

參考書目

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  • 刘城《吴次尾先生传》
  • 章建文:《吳應箕研究》
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吴应箕
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