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建州兵变

建州兵变是指南宋初年在建州(治所在今福建省建瓯市)发生的一系列兵变

南宋建炎元年九月初二(1127年10月9日),建州禁军军校张员等6人,因对转运司长期拖欠“卸甲钱”的行为感到愤恨,利用建州驻军大阅的时机,发动兵变,杀死转运使毛奎和福建路兵马都监田某,并拘留知州张勤和提举官王浚明,占领建州城。朝请郎王准被任命为统制官,率建州诸县弓手和南剑州兵征讨叛军。王准率军至建州城下,与张员相持日久,未能攻破城池。十二月,宋高宗下令招安,并任命魏胜为建州兵马监押。建炎二年(1128年)五月,新任福建转运官谢如意与建州分都监黄涛和魏胜,将兵变首领张员等6人诱至福建路分厅,全部擒斩。

张员被杀后,南宋朝廷命方承知建州,要他安抚士兵,方承停留在建阳,不敢进入建州城。当时,建州兵得知朝廷将抽调士卒北上“勤王”,他们不肯动身,于是推举叶浓、叶明珍、范擒虎为首领,于六月初一(1128年6月30日)夜再次举行兵变。叶浓带领士兵数千人,杀死官吏,夺取建州观察使的印信,向福州进发。六月十六,攻克古田城。六月廿一,抵达福州城西门。叶浓在福州城下驻留十余日,攻城未克,便率军朝东北方向转移。七月廿一,攻克宁德城。在击败长溪(今霞浦)援兵后,回师建州。八月,再次向北进攻。八月十八,攻入政和。八月十九,攻克松溪。九月十一,攻克浦城。随后,进入两浙路龙泉县境内。南宋朝廷急忙派遣御营中军都统制张浚、两浙提点刑狱赵哲率兵2千人,号称1万人,协同福建官军镇压。叶浓见形势不利,便退守建州。十一月十三,叶浓与张浚大战于建州城下,兵败,率余部东撤。赵哲派人前去招安,叶浓于十二月初十(1129年1月2日)投降。不久,张浚以“复谋为叛”的罪名,将叶浓等人捕杀[1][2][3]

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建州兵变
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