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碱基对

描述腺嘌呤(左)-胸腺嘧啶(右)的沃森-克里克碱基对。

碱基对(base pair)是双链核酸的基本组成单位,由两个核碱基通过氢键相互结合而成;它们形成了DNA双螺旋的结构单元,并促成DNA和RNA的折叠结构。碱基对也是编码遗传信息的化学结构。

组成碱基对的碱基包括腺嘌呤(A)、胸腺嘧啶(T)、鸟嘌呤(G)、胞嘧啶(C)、脲嘧啶(U)。在DNA或某些双链RNA分子结构中,由于碱基之间的氢键具有固定的数目和DNA两条链之间的距离保持不变,使碱基配对遵循一定的规律,腺嘌呤一定与胸腺嘧啶或者在RNA中的尿嘧啶配对,鸟嘌呤与胞嘧啶配对。这就是碱基互补配对原则。它常被用来衡量DNARNA的长度(尽管RNA是单链)。它还与核苷酸互换使用,尽管后者是由一个五碳糖、磷酸和一个碱基组成。

碱基对通常简写作bp千碱基对kbp,或kb兆碱基对即百万对碱基,简写作Mbp

人类也成功的将人造碱基对加入到了DNA中[1]


图集

参考文献

  1. ^ Robert Adler. Artificial letters added to life's alphabet. New Scientist. 30 January 2008 [2008-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2008-02-01). 

外部链接

  • DAN—webserver version of the EMBOSS tool for calculating melting temperatures
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碱基对
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