For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 前信使核糖核酸.

前信使核糖核酸

前信使RNA(英语:Precursor mRNA,又称前mRNAmRNA前体)是未成熟的单链信使核糖核酸(mRNA),属于一种“初级转录物”(primary transcript)。前mRNA是从细胞核中的DNA模板通过转录而合成的。前mRNA构成了不均一核RNA(或称核内异质RNA核内不均一RNA,缩写hnRNA)数量上的主体。

hnRNA(heterogeneous nuclear RNA)这一术语通常被用作为前mRNA的同义词,尽管,在严格的意义上说,hnRNA可以包含那些并不最终成为胞浆中mRNA的细胞核内RNA转录物。

一旦前信使RNA被完全加工完成,他就被叫做“成熟信使RNA”、“成熟mRNA”或被直接称为“mRNA”。

加工

真核前信使RNA在其被加工成为mRNA之前仅短暂地存在。前信使RNA包含有两种片段,外显子内含子。外显子是在最终的mRNA之中被保留下来的片段,然而内含子则在一步称为剪接的过程中被除去,这一步由剪接体实行(自剪接内含子除外)。

对于真核前信使RNA,附加了对5'3'修饰的追加加工步骤。其中包括了加上7-甲基鸟苷5'端帽以及多腺苷酸化。此外,由核小核糖核蛋白颗粒组成的剪接体也会切除真核前信使RNA的内含子[1][2]

当一条前信使RNA链被正确地加工为一条信使RNA序列时,它被细胞核输出并最终被翻译成为蛋白质,这是一个由核糖体协力完成的过程。

原核细胞中,剪接是通过自身催化或内分解切割而完成的。并不涉及蛋白质的自身催化切割仅仅保留用作编码rRNA的那部分,而内分解切割针对于tRNA前体。

参考文献

  1. ^ Weaver, Robert F. (2005). Molecular Biology, p.432-448. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. ISBN 0-07-284611-9.
  2. ^ Markus C. Wahl, Cindy L. Will, Reinhard Lührmann. The Spliceosome: Design Principles of a Dynamic RNP Machine. Cell: 701–718. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.009. (原始内容存档于2022-01-11). 

外部链接

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
前信使核糖核酸
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?