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多腺苷酸化

多腺苷酸化(英语:Poly-adenylation)是指多聚腺苷酸与信使RNA(mRNA)分子共价链接。在蛋白质生物合成的过程中,这是产生准备作翻译的成熟mRNA的方式的一部分。在真核生物中,多聚腺苷酸化是一种机制,令mRNA分子于它们的3'端中断。多聚腺苷酸尾(Poly-A Tail)保护mRNA,免受核酸外切酶攻击,并且对转录终结、将mRNA从细胞核输出及进行翻译都十分重要。一些原核生物的mRNA都会被多聚腺苷酸化,但多聚腺苷酸尾的功能则与真核生物有所不同。

DNA在细胞核内转录成RNA的过程中及完成后,多聚腺苷酸化就会出现。当转录停止后,mRNA链会由核酸外切酶及RNA聚合酶切开。切开位点的附近有着AAUAAA序列。当mRNA被切开后,会加入50-250个腺苷到切开位点的3'端上。这个反应是由多聚腺苷酸聚合酶完成的。

多聚腺苷酸化过程

多聚腺苷酸过程图解
  1. 切割及多聚腺苷酸化特异因子(CPSF)及切割激活因子(CstF)两个蛋白质复合物会开始与末端的RNA聚合酶Ⅱ结合。
  2. 当RNA聚合酶Ⅱ前进时经过多聚腺苷酸化信号序列的CPSF,及CstF转移至新的mRNA前体,CPSF会与AAUAAA序列结合,而CstF会与其后的GU序列或充满U的序列结合。
  3. CPSF及CstF会在约AAUAAA序列后35个核苷启动切割。多聚腺苷酸聚合酶(PAP)会立即展开编写多聚腺苷酸尾。细胞核内的多聚腺苷酸结合蛋白(PABPN1)会立即与新的多聚腺苷酸序列结合。
  4. CPSF会开始游离,而PAP会继续多聚腺苷酸化及编写约50-250个核苷(视乎生物的品种)的腺苷尾。PABPN1会成为一种分子尺,界定多聚腺苷酸化何时停止。
  5. PAP会开始游离,及PABPN1继续维持结合状态。连同5'端帽,这相信是可以帮助mRNA运离细胞核。

参考

  1. Bruce Alberts; et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell fourth edition. 2002. ISBN 978-0-8153-3218-3. 

参见

相关的蛋白质及复合物:

相关的化合物:

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多腺苷酸化
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