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转录调控

Maltose Operon Without Maltose Present

转录调控(英语:Transcriptional regulation)指通过改变转录速率从而改变基因表达的水准[1]

转录调控

转录调控可以控制转录何时发生以及产生多少RNA。被RNA聚合酶转录的基因可被至少五种机制所调控:

  • 特异性因子会改变RNA聚合酶对于特定启动子或一套启动子识别的特异性,使得RNA聚合酶更多或更少地结合到这些启动子上(如原核转录中用到的σ因子)。
  • 阻遏因子会结合到DNA链上的靠近或覆盖启动子区域的那些非编码序列上,阻碍RNA聚合酶顺利进入此链,故阻碍了基因的表达。
  • 通用转录因子:这些转录因子将RNA聚合酶安放至编码蛋白序列的起始位置,继而释放聚合酶以转录mRNA。
  • 激活因子增强RNA聚合酶与特定启动子的相互作用,促进基因的表达。激活因子通过增强RNA聚合酶对启动子的吸引而达到此作用,这一机制是通过与RNA聚合酶亚基的相互作用或间接通过改变DNA结构而实现的。
  • 增强子是位于DNA螺旋结构上的一些位点,它们通过与激活因子相结合以将DNA弯曲使特定启动子朝向起始复合物。

参考文献

  1. ^ Michael Carey; Stephen T. Smale. Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes: Concepts, Strategies, and Techniques. CSHL Press. 15 June 2001 [25 December 2010]. ISBN 978-0-87969-635-1. (原始内容存档于2014-06-30). 
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转录调控
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