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终止子

终止子(英语:Terminator)是一段位于基因操纵组末端的DNA片段,可中断转录作用。真核生物拥有两种类型的终止子,包括:

  1. 本体转录终止子(Intrinsic transcription terminators),一个发夹结构。
  2. ρ-依赖转录终止子(Rho-dependent transcription terminators),ρ因子与RNA螺旋酶蛋白复合物。

终止子为RNA(核糖核酸)转录的一部分。在真核生物中,对于释放从转录复合体新作出的RNA,终止因子是必要的条件。原核生物的mRNAs常不需中止因子,为在mRNA模板上的一连串反向重复的Us(尿嘧啶),形成一主干环的结构,使RNA的键结松开,造成Rho-非依赖性转录中止。

最广泛研究的转录中止因子为大肠杆菌的Rho蛋白。Rho蛋白辨认延长的mRNA上富含胞嘧啶的区域。但,确切的辨认序列还尚未清楚。Rho形成一环的六聚体,以提升延长mRNA,水解ATP(三磷酸腺苷)朝向RNA聚合酶(5'到3'的mRNA接受位)。当Rho蛋白和RNA聚核酶复合体接触时,转录借由RNA聚合酶离开DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)而中止。Rho蛋白的结构以及活性和三磷酸腺苷合酶F1的次单位相似,符合来自同一条演化线的理论。

抗生素中,双环霉素为借由抑制Rho蛋白而运作的。真核生物的中止转录过程尚未能清楚的了解,因为真核生物还具有转录后修饰RNA的过程。真核生物三种不同的RNA聚合酶也有不一样的中止系统。真核生物的中止因子键结于中止讯号的区域,干扰RNA聚合酶II的移动,造成在下300个碱基对中离开DNA链。在重复A尾端,此300 bp的区域在过程中被移除。(参考多腺苷酸化

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终止子
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