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原核翻译

原核翻译(Prokaryotic translation)是指原核生物细胞mRNA被70S核糖体翻译蛋白质的过程。该过程可分为起始延伸终止再循环四个主要步骤。

起始

原核生物的翻译起始过程。

原核生物的翻译起始阶段涉及到以下几种翻译系统元件的组合:两个核糖体亚基(50S与30S亚基)、需要被翻译的信使RNA、第一个氨基酸(甲酰)氨酰tRNA(携带第一个氨基酸的tRNA)、GTP(作为能量的来源)与三种起始因子(IF1、IF2和IF3)用于帮助组装起始复合体[1]

核糖体有三个部位:A位、P位和E位。“A位”是氨酰tRNA的进入位点(除了第一个氨酰tRNA,即fMet-tRNAfMet,会进入P位外)。“P位”是肽酰-tRNA在核糖体中形成的位置。tRNA在将氨基酸递给生长中的肽链后,“E位”便是它的退出位点。

延伸

终止

再循环

抗生素的作用

许多抗生素通过攻击细菌的翻译过程而发挥它们的疗效。它们利用原核与真核翻译机制的不同点以选择性阻止细菌蛋白质合成而不影响宿主。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Malys N, McCarthy JEG. Translation initiation: variations in the mechanism can be anticipated. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2010. doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0588-z. 
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原核翻译
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