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肽核酸

肽核酸结构。

肽核酸(peptide nucleic acid,PNA)是一种人工合成,以多肽骨架取代核糖磷酸主链的 DNA 或 RNA 类似物;地球上已知的生物并未发现任何体内拥有PNA的个体。肽核酸具有结构稳定、不被核酸酶蛋白酶降解、能以碱基互补方式与核酸单链结合、细胞毒性低等特点,因此可用来作为分子生物学研究或是医学治疗;例如:可作为基因探针,并能以反义序列的形式用于基因功能、基因表达调控等研究。

PNA的骨架是由重复排列的N-2-(氨乙基)-甘氨酸(N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine)单位,经由肽键所组合而成,且碱基与骨架之间是以亚甲键相连。与多肽链相似的是PNA也有N端(氮端)与C端(碳端)的差别。

由于PNA没有如DNA或RNA上的磷酸基团,因此PNA与DNA之间缺乏电性相斥的现象,使两者之间的结合强度大于DNA与DNA。肽核酸基团构象不同于普通核酸, 不易被蛋白酶或者核酸酶水解,且碱基配对特异性极强,热稳定性高。[1]有一些理论认为早期地球上的生命型态是以PNA为遗传物质,但目前没有证据。

外部链接

参考

  1. ^ 董晓燕. 生物化学. 北京, 中国: 高等教育出版社. 2010-2: 181. ISBN 978-7-04-028549-9. 
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肽核酸
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