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核苷三磷酸

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核苷三磷酸(英语:Nucleoside triphosphateNTP)是在生物化学分子生物学中含有与三个磷酸基团结合的核苷的分子。因此它是一种类型的核苷酸。核苷三磷酸是生命必需的,因为它们提供了核酸DNARNA)的结构单元,并且在细胞代谢和调节中具有许多其它作用。核苷三磷酸通常提供能量和用于磷酸化的磷酸基团。

自然界常见的型态包括腺苷三磷酸(ATP)、鸟苷三磷酸(GTP)、胞苷三磷酸(CTP)、胸腺苷三磷酸(TTP)以及尿苷三磷酸(UTP)等。这些分子中包含一个核糖,若是将核糖替换成去氧核糖,那么会使核苷三磷酸变成去氧核苷三磷酸,写成dNTP,如去氧腺苷三磷酸(dATP)、去氧鸟苷三磷酸(dGTP)等。

除了(d)ATP,(d)GTP,(d)CTP,(d)TTP和(d)UTP外,还存在其它较少丰度的NTP,例如核苷酸代谢的中间体,人工核苷酸英语artificial nucleotides[1]。罕见的NTP的一个例子是一些NTP的互变异构形式。它们可以在DNA复制期间引起错配碱基配对。

参考资料

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2016-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-05). 
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核苷三磷酸
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