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季铵盐

季铵盐

季铵盐[1][2](quaternary ammonium salts)又称四级铵盐活性四级化合物,是铵离子的四个氢原子都由烃基取代而形成的季铵阳离子(quaternary ammonium cations,quats),通式 R₄N⁺X⁻。其中四条烃基R₄可以相同,也可以不同;X⁻多为卤素阴离子HSO₄⁻RCO₂⁻OH⁻(R₄NOH 称为 季铵碱)。

季铵盐属于典型的阳离子界面活性剂[3],其性质类似铵盐,大多数易溶于水,水溶液导电。

季铵盐可由卤代烃反应制取。有些季铵盐是良好的表面活性剂相转移催化剂,也有百毒杀等季铵盐用作消毒剂

参考文献

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参考资料
参考书目
  1. 《基础有机化学》第三版下册. 北京:高等教育出版社,作者:邢其毅等,2005年. ISBN 978-7-04-017755-8
  2. 《界面科学基础》(原名:界面化学),出版社:台湾复文兴业,作者:赵承琛,出版日期:2007/10/19,ISBN:9789866741104

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季铵盐
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