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高铁酸盐

高铁酸盐
IUPAC名
Ferrate(VI)
系统名
Tetraoxoironbis(olate)[来源请求]
别名 铁酸盐
识别
CAS号 16836-06-9  checkY
PubChem 25000034
ChemSpider 21865127
SMILES
 
  • [O-][Fe]([O-])(=O)=O
InChI
 
  • 1/Fe.4O/q;;;2*-1/rFeO4/c2-1(3,4)5/q-2
InChIKey XGBDPAYTQGQHEW-WTZHFVRHAI
ChEBI 30992
性质
化学式 FeO42-
摩尔质量 119.843 g mol-1 g·mol⁻¹
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

高铁酸盐的高铁酸根是无机阴离子化学式[FeO₄]²⁻。它对光敏感,其化合物和溶液呈淡紫色,为已知对水稳定的极强氧化剂。尽管归为弱碱,高铁酸盐浓溶液仍有腐蚀性,且会烧伤皮肤,只能在强碱环境稳定存在。

命名法

ferrate通常指代高铁酸根,但也可以指其它含铁阴离子,当中许多比[FeO₄]²⁻盐常见。这包括有强还原性的四羰基铁酸二钠Na₂[Fe(CO)₄]和三价铁络合物四氯铁酸根[FeCl₄]⁻。铁的含氧阴离子铁(V)酸根[FeO₄]³⁻和铁(IV)酸根[FeO₄]⁴⁻也同样存在,但其研究较少。这些也称为高铁酸根。[1]

合成

高铁酸盐可在碱性条件用强氧化剂在水溶液氧化铁,或加热固态的铁屑和粉状硝酸钾的混合物而形成。[2]

如在碱性溶液加热氢氧化铁次氯酸钠制备高铁酸盐:[3]

2Fe(OH)₃+3OCl⁻+4OH⁻ → 2[FeO₄]²⁻+5H₂O+3Cl⁻

通常让阴离子以盐形式沉淀出来,形成高铁酸钡[3]

性质

高铁酸根离子不稳定,在中性[2]或酸性环境会分解为三价铁:[3]

[FeO₄]²⁻+3e⁻+8H⁺ ⇌ Fe³⁺+4H₂O

还原过程中间体中铁的氧化态有+5和+4[4]。这些阴离子甚至比高铁酸根活泼[5]。高铁酸根在碱性条件更稳定,酸值为8或9时能存在8至9小时[5]

稀高铁酸盐水溶液为粉红色,浓时为深红或紫色[4][6]。与高锰酸盐相比,高铁酸盐是更强的氧化剂[7],可将三价铬氧化成重铬酸盐[8],或将氧化成分子[9]

高铁酸盐是优秀的消毒剂,能移除并杀死病毒[10]

高铁酸根离子有两个不成对电子,有顺磁性。其为四面体形分子构型[4]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Graham Hill; John Holman. Chemistry in context 5th. Nelson Thornes. 2000: 202. ISBN 0-17-448276-0. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 R. K. Sharma. Text Book Of Coordination Chemistry. Discovery Publishing House. 2007: 124–125. ISBN 81-8356-223-X. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gary Wulfsberg. Principles of descriptive inorganic chemistry. University Science Books. 1991: 142–143. ISBN 0-935702-66-0. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Egon Wiberg; Nils Wiberg; Arnold Frederick Holleman. Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. 2001: 1457–1458. ISBN 0-12-352651-5. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Gary M. Brittenham. Raymond J. Bergeron , 编. The Development of Iron Chelators for Clinical Use. CRC Press. 1994: 37–38. ISBN 0-8493-8679-9. 
  6. ^ John Daintith (编). Oxford dictionary of chemistry 5th. Oxford University Press. 2004: 235. ISBN 0-19-860918-3. 
  7. ^ Kenneth Malcolm Mackay; Rosemary Ann Mackay; W. Henderson. Introduction to modern inorganic chemistry 6th. CRC Press. 2002: 334–335. ISBN 0-7487-6420-8. 
  8. ^ Amit Arora. Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry. Discovery Publishing House. 2005: 691–692. ISBN 81-8356-013-X. 
  9. ^ Karlis Svanks. Oxidation of Ammonia in Water by Ferrates(VI) and (IV) (PDF). Water Resources Center, Ohio State University: 3. June 1976 [2010-05-04]. 
  10. ^ Stanley E. Manahan. Environmental chemistry 8th. CRC Press. 2005: 234. ISBN 1-56670-633-5. 
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高铁酸盐
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