For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 钪化合物.

钪化合物

钪化合物是IIIB族元素(Sc)形成的化合物,它在自然界中广泛存在。在地壳中,钪元素的平均丰度为36×10−4%,但其分布很分散,它的矿物主要多为氧化物硅酸盐磷酸盐[1]在水溶液中,钪以[Sc(H2O)6]3+离子形式存在,这一离子可以水解或聚合,得到[Sc(H2O)5(OH)]2+、[Sc2(H2O)10(OH)2]4+等羟基离子。[2]

卤化物及氧族化物

六水合三氯化钪是无色易溶于水的晶体,样品纯度为99.999%

钪的三卤化物除氟化钪外都易溶于水,它们可由氧化钪氢氧化钪和相应的氢卤酸反应制得:[3]

Sc(OH)3 + 3 HX → ScX3 + 3 H2O

无水氯化钪可由氧化钪四氯化碳氯化铵反应得到,直接加热ScCl3·6H2O只会得到ScOCl等碱式盐。[3]ScCl3的反应性低于AlCl3,其难溶于非极性有机溶剂、高升华温度等性质类似于ThCl4[4]氯化钪和钪在制容器中加热至877 °C,可以得到一氯化钪(ScCl),它与ZrBr同构。[5]

氧化钪(Sc2O3)是白色固体,可有其它钪化合物的热分解得到。氢氧化钪(Sc(OH)3)则由钪盐的溶液和碱反应制得,它具有两性。[6]硫属化物Sc2E3(E=S, Se, Te)是半导体,而ScS有金属性。[6]

含氧酸盐

硫酸钪可由硝酸钪硫酸反应得到,[7]它存在无水物和多种水合物,从溶液中析出的七水合物可以风化。[8]硒酸钪的制备方法和硫酸钪类似,其钾盐复盐和铵盐复盐难溶于水,钠盐复盐易溶于水。[8]原碲酸钪(Sc2TeO6)可由氧化钪三氧化碲在850 °C反应得到。[9]

甲酸钪(Sc(HCOO)3)可由硝酸钪甲酸反应制得,由于其溶解度较小,会从溶液中析出;对其在水中进行重结晶会得到碱式盐Sc(OH)(HCOO)2,在HCOOM(M=Li, Na, K)溶液中重结晶,会得到M3Sc(HCOO)6,其中锂盐为三水合物。[10]乙酸钪(Sc(CH3COO)3)可由氧化钪乙酸酐或碳酸钪和乙酸反应制得,它在水中重结晶可以得到具有链状结构的无水物,每个钪原子通过三个桥联的乙酸根相连。[11]它和丙酸丁酸异丁酸辛酸反应,可以得到相应的羧酸盐Sc(RCOO)3,这些化合物难溶于普通的有机溶剂,但随着碳链延长,溶解度会有所提高,如辛酸钪在中可溶。[12]钪和羧酸可以形成一系列的金属有机框架材料[13]

参考文献

  1. ^ 无机化学丛书. pp 4. 1.2 存在.
  2. ^ 无机化学丛书. pp 24. 化学性质.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 无机化学丛书. pp 35. 3.2 卤化钪.
  4. ^ Funk, H.; Koehler, B. The chemistry of scandium. Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 1963. 325 (1-2): 67-71. ISSN 0044-2313.
  5. ^ Kenneth R. Poeppelmeier, John D. Corbett. Metal-metal bonding in reduced scandium halides. Synthesis and crystal structure of scandium monochloride. Inorganic Chemistry. 1977-02, 16 (2): 294–297 [2022-12-29]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50168a013. (原始内容存档于2022-12-29) (英语). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 无机化学丛书. pp 50. 3.3 氧化钪; pp 53. 3.4 氢氧化钪; pp 56. 3.5 硫族化物
  7. ^ Ladenburg, Albert. Handwörten der chemie. Breslau: E. Trewendt. 1882: 472. OCLC 19423544 (德语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 无机化学丛书. pp 58. 3.5.2 氧硫化钪、亚硫酸钪和硫酸钪; pp 59. 3.5.3 亚硒酸钪和硒酸钪.
  9. ^ Patrick Höss, Thomas Schleid. Sc 2 Te 5 O 13 und Sc 2 TeO 6 : Die ersten Oxotellurate des Scandiums. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 2007-08, 633 (9): 1391–1396 [2022-12-29]. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.200700074. (原始内容存档于2022-12-29) (英语). 
  10. ^ Sterba-Bohm, J. S.; Melichar, M. The rare earths. I. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1935. 7: 56-58. ISSN 0010-0765.
  11. ^ Fuchs, Robert; Straehle, Joachim. Crystal structure of scandium(III) acetate, a metal(III) acetate with a chain structure. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, Teil B: Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, 1984. 39B (12): 1662-1663. ISSN 0340-5087.
  12. ^ Rai, A. K.; Parashar, G. K. Synthesis and Structural Studies of Some Scandium(III) Carboxylates. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry (Informa UK Limited). 1979, 9 (4): 301–307. ISSN 0094-5714. doi:10.1080/00945717908069746. 
  13. ^ Barsukova, Marina O.; Sapchenko, Sergey A.; Dybtsev, Danil N.; Fedin, Vladimir P. Scandium-organic frameworks: progress and prospects. Russian Chemical Reviews (Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii). 2018-11-01, 87 (11): 1139–1167. ISSN 0036-021X. doi:10.1070/rcr4826. 

书籍

  • 无机化学丛书. 第七卷 钪 稀土元素. 科学出版社.
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
钪化合物
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?