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超临界机翼

传统机翼(上)及超临界机翼(下)的剖面及气流(蓝色区块)。可以看到超临界机翼将震波发生的位置(红色线)大幅延后、降低强度,后方也较不会发生边界层分离现象

超临界机翼英文Supercritical airfoilSupercritical Wing)是飞机翼的一种,其设计有别于传统机翼,其主要功能在于减轻穿音速飞行的波阻效应(wave drag)。

机翼设计

超临界机翼的外型设计,由美国国家航空航天局工程师理查·惠特科姆(Richard T. Whitcomb)于1967年首先提出,但1940年德国航天中心Deutsches Zentrum für Luft即有类似研究。传统机翼上表面较弯曲,可以增大空气流速从而提高升力,且越弯曲气流越快,但也带来一个问题,即在飞机接近音速时,上表面的空气有可能已经超过音速,超音速的气流会产生激波,带来很大阻力,因此超临界机翼有着比传统机翼更平坦的上表面,较薄弧度也较大的后缘,而且向上弯曲、较大的前缘半径

应用机种

相关连结

参考

  1. Hans-Ulrich Meier, Die Pfeilflügelentwicklung in Deutschland bis 1945, ISBN 3763761306 Einspruch (1984) gegen US-Patentschrift NASA über »superkritische Profile«, basierend auf den Berechnungsmethoden von K. H. Kawalki (1940) p.107. German
  2. Anderson, J: Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, p. 622. McGraw-Hill, 2001.
  3. ibid.: p. 623.
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超临界机翼
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