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仪器飞行

依赖仪器导航的飞行中的飞机

仪器飞行(英语:Instrument Flight RulesIFR)是指以接近完全依赖仪器来导航飞行方式。

概要

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从来的目视飞行是要求飞行员靠地面的地形特征和地标等来驾驶飞机,但是仪器飞行就以地面和机上导航设施协助,计算出路线作飞行。仪器飞行除自身的飞行仪表,还需要航电通信,所要用到的地面导航台包括甚高频全向信标无方向性信标。而区域导航(RNAV)就甚至需要国际民航组织定下的航路(Airways)等。除了地面仪器外,使用仪器飞行的航空器也必需有相关设备来读取地面导航台的资讯和保持飞机在飞行路线内。

空管

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使用仪器飞行的其中一个条件,就是飞机必须要由航空交通管制员协调与其他飞机的间距,有些国家会要求飞机也要配备答询机让空管雷达能识别其身份,但是没有应答机依然可以使用时间以及定点报告方式来做间距控制。

好处

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随着技术的发展,使用仪器飞行成为了可能,其后飞机就不需要经常因为天气状况的限制而不能作出飞行。除了起飞和降落后脱离跑道外,甚至在起降也基本上是完全不需要以目视方式协助飞行,确保可以在恶劣天气下飞行。而且又因为有了航空交通管制员的协调,也不需要担心会和其他飞机发生碰撞。[1]

  1. ^ 什麼是目視飛行(VFR)?什麼是儀錶飛行(IFR)?. [2023-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-24). 
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仪器飞行
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