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尾旋.
尾旋也称为螺旋,是固定翼航空器在飞行迎角超过临界迎角后做连续、自动的旋转运动[1]的非正常飞行状态,即在失速的状态下,一面做向下的小半径螺旋运动,一面在机身三个轴向(滚转、俯仰和偏航)做自旋运动的飞行状态。其特点是高迎角(20°~70°)、低空速和大下沉速度。[2]
由于这个飞行状态具有很高的下降率,且会对机体结构造成极大压力和破坏,所以在低空条件下如不及时改出是十分危险的。
原理
基本原理是由于两侧机翼出现不协调的失速,飞机会围绕失速严重的一侧机翼方向旋转。
进入和改出
进入螺旋:油门收小到维持低速平飞,保持高度,拉杆抬机头增加迎角,当即将达到失速速度时,加深拉杆同时踩某一方向的满舵,机头立即向此方向坠落同时机身向这个方向滚转,维持拉杆和踩舵的控制,飞机开始进入稳定的螺旋。此时空速接近于零,下降率极高。
改出螺旋:在转弯协调仪上可以读出飞机旋转的方向,开始改出首先收光油门,操纵杆处于中立位置使副翼没有偏转,在飞机旋转的反方向踩满舵直到飞机停止螺旋,此时空速会迅速增加,保持低头姿态到螺旋停止时,方向舵回到中立姿态,逐渐拉起机头当空速恢复设计机动速度范围后,推油门返回正常姿态。当停止螺旋时不能立刻增加油门,否则会加速向下俯冲的速度,使飞机更快迫近地面。
参考文献
- ^ 贾玉红; 黄俊; 吴永康. 航空航天概论(第5版) 2022年8月第五版,2022年8月第一刷. 北京航空航天大学. 2022. ISBN 978-7-5124-3860-6.
- ^ 中国科普博览_航空博物馆. www.kepu.net.cn. [2022-11-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-29).
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