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跨音速

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F/A-18以穿音速速度飞行
穿音速示意图

穿音速Transonic),或称穿音速,是一个空气动力学名词,指的是一个正好在音速上下的速度范围(约0.8–1.2马赫)。其定义为临界马赫数(通常是0.8马赫附近)与一个更高速度(通常是1.2马赫)之间的速度范围,在这之间的速度范围,气流有些是超音速,也有些是亚音速。当飞行器速度超过临界马赫数,此时飞行器周遭的空气流开始有部分是超音速流,空气力学上开始出现急遽的变化,例如激波的出现;而当飞行器速度达1.2马赫时,此时所有气流皆为超音速,周遭气流变得稳定。

多数现代喷气飞机以可观的时间处在穿音速飞行。因为一个常出现在这样速度范围,称为波阻(wave drag)的效应而使这样的飞行状态显得重要。试图抵抗波阻效应的变革可在所有高速飞行器上见到;最显著的是后掠翼(swept wing)的设计,但另一个常见的形式是黄蜂腰形的机身(wasp-waist fuselage,亦称可乐瓶机身),作为Whitcomb面积律的副产品。

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跨音速
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