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克那博依语

克那博依语
Kĕnaboi
母语国家和地区马来西亚
区域森美兰
语言灭亡约1880
语系
未分类语言
(孤立语言?)
(南亚语系?)
  • 克那博依语
语言代码
ISO 639-3xbn
Glottologkena1236[1]

克那博依语是马来西亚森美兰一种已灭绝的未分类语言,可能是孤立语言或属于南亚语系亚斯里语支。它似乎有2种方言,[2][3]有一份约250个词的词表,采集于1870–90年。

背景

在华特·威廉·斯基特和查尔斯·奥托·布来格登1906年的著作《马来半岛的蒲甘种族》中,[4]首次出现了三份单词表,其中两份由前马六甲政府官员D.F.A. Hervey收集。没有这些词表收集日期的任何信息,可能是在1870s至90s年代。[5]

Hervey在马六甲亚罗牙也县收集了来自森美兰南部内陆山区林茂县Gunung Dato'的母语者的克那博依语词汇[4]:497–498。基于民族地名学,克那博依语可能发源自森美兰北部的日叻务县克那博依河谷(Hajek 1998)。今日森美兰的半岛原住民主要说德姆安语。

系属分类

John Hajek (1998)[5]认为克那博依语是亚斯里语支语言和南岛语系语言的混合,1方言的南亚语系词汇占比比2方言高。1方言也有着最多的未知来源词汇,如“白”mambu和“水”par。Hajek (1998)推测1方言的词汇偏离可能是因为它属于禁忌语,而2方言则是普通的非禁忌语。1方言的216个词汇中47%是南亚语系,27%是南岛语系,26%无法分类。[5]

Hammarström等[6]指出,Glottolog中克那博依语最好被当成孤立语言,而没有任何“禁忌术语”之类变体。Skeat和Blagden (1906)认为克那博依语是与南亚语系和南岛语系都无关的孤立语言。

Skeat & Blagden (1906)记载的邻近乌鲁雪兰莪县Rasa的另一种已灭绝语言Rasa语也有许多来源不明的词汇(Phillips 2012: 257-258)。[7]

另见

其他有大量未知来源词汇、可能是孤立语言的东南亚语言:

  • 恩加诺语 (印度尼西亚)
  • 马尼德语 (菲律宾)
  • 乌米莱-杜马盖地语 (菲律宾)

注释

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Kenaboi. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ 0m1-kdo in MultiTree.
  3. ^ 0m1-kdt in MultiTree.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Skeat & Blagden 1906
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hajek 1998
  6. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). 克那博依语. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  7. ^ Phillips 2012

参考

阅读更多

  • Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2006. Hervey's 'Kenaboi': lost Malayan Language or forest-collecting Taboo Jargon?. Singapore.
  • Hajek, John. 1996. The Mystery of the Kenaboi: A First Report. Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. (International workshop on South-East Asian studies; No. 11. (The study of) endangered languages and literatures of South-East Asia).
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