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隆背哲蟹

隆背哲蟹
雄性
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲壳亚门 Crustacea
纲: 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目: 十足目 Decapoda
亚目: 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目: 短尾下目 Brachyura
科: 哲蟹科 Menippidae
属: 哲蟹属 Menippe
种:
隆背哲蟹 M. mercenaria
二名法
Menippe mercenaria
(Say, 1818)

隆背哲蟹(学名:Menippe mercenaria)又称佛州岩蟹,在北美洲的华人社群普遍直接称呼作“石头蟹[1],是一种栖息于西北大西洋酋妇蟹总科哲蟹科蟹种,见于北起美国康涅狄格州、南至德萨斯州整个美国东岸,然后还有墨西哥湾古巴巴哈马群岛,到伯利兹都见其踪影,并不只限于佛罗里达州。此外,在南卡罗来纳州乔治亚州盐沼也是其栖息地。在这些地区,石头蟹都有被捕捉以作食用。与隆背哲蟹密切相关的物种西海湾哲蟹(Menippe adina)有时会被认为是本物种的亚种:这两个物种不单可以杂交,形成杂交种,在商业捕渔也被认为是同一物种。据估计,这两种物种在大约300万年前开始分歧[2]

型态描述

一只幼年个体

本物种的头胸甲英语carapace宽5至6.5英寸(130至170毫米)[3]。 棕红色,带灰色斑点,壳底棕褐色;两边螯大小不一,但螯尖黑色[4]。除了螃蟹通常表现出的两性异形差异,雌蟹的头胸甲较同年龄的雄蟹为大,但雄蟹的螯却比同年龄的雌为大[4]

食性

隆背哲蟹喜食牡犡及其他小型的软体动物多毛纲物种或其他甲壳类动物。偶尔亦会吃海草腐肉。 会捕食隆背哲蟹的物种有:天王赤旋螺石斑鱼海龟海鲡科物种、章鱼人类[5]

栖息地

隆背哲蟹一般会在水深有一英尺五英尺的码头桩柱钻挖出半英尺三英尺深的洞穴来生活。这些洞穴开口的周边常散落一些贝壳:这些贝壳是隆背哲蟹用来挖洞用的。

繁殖

雌蟹于两岁时达到性成熟[4]。蟹的繁殖季节延续整个春季和夏季,雌蟹这时最多会诞下近百万颗卵子[4]。其幼体在成长成为幼蟹之前,会经历六个成长阶段,为时约四星期。蟹的寿命只有七到八年[4]

雄蟹在与雌蟹交配之前,须等待雌蟹脱去英语ecdysis外骨骼[4]。交配后,雄蟹会在雌蟹旁守卫数小时至数日,以避免脱皮后的雌蟹受袭。在每个交配季节,雌蟹会产卵匹到六次。

参看

参考文献

  1. ^ 燈燈燈凳. 3017-07-27. 加拿大中文电台 (粤语).  已忽略未知参数|channel= (帮助);
  2. ^ A Proposed Evolutionary History of Stone Crabs. [2017-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-20). 
  3. ^ Stone crab. FishWatch. NOAA. [November 12, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-21). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Bryan Fluech. Florida Stone Crab Ecology (PDF). University of Florida. [2012-11-12]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-11-19) (英语). 
  5. ^ NOAA - Summary Table of Stone Crab Life History. [2017-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2006-11-28). 
  6. ^ 拔了又会重新长出来的蟹钳. 吉隆坡美食猎人 Gourmet Hunter KL. 2017-06-07 [2017-08-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-12) (中文). 

外部链接

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隆背哲蟹
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