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欧洲蜘蛛蟹

欧洲蜘蛛蟹
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲壳亚门 Crustacea
纲: 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目: 十足目 Decapoda
亚目: 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目: 短尾下目 Brachyura
科: 蜘蛛蟹科 Majidae
属: 蜘蛛蟹属 Maja
种:
欧洲蜘蛛蟹 M. squinado
二名法
Maja squinado
(Herbst, 1788)

欧洲蜘蛛蟹(学名:Maja squinado),又称合团蜘蛛蟹,是蜘蛛蟹属下的一种螃蟹,分布于大西洋东北部和地中海海域。甲壳直径85至200毫米(3.3至7.9英寸)。[1]

行为

欧洲蜘蛛蟹是一种杂食动物,冬天以海草和软体动物为食,夏天则以海胆海参棘皮动物为食[2]

它在秋季迁徙[3],一些欧洲蜘蛛蟹在八个月中可以移动100英里(160千米)[4]。因蜕壳期间容易被捕食,所以欧洲蜘蛛蟹一般在蜕壳期间群居以抵御捕食者[5]。雌蟹每年可产四次卵[6]

巴利阿里群岛附近海域正在游泳的欧洲蜘蛛蟹

捕捞

世界70%的欧洲蜘蛛蟹都捕捞于法国沿海,逾10%捕捞于英国沿海,6%捕捞于海峡群岛,3%捕捞于西班牙和爱尔兰,2%捕捞于克罗地亚[7]欧盟规定捕捞的欧洲蜘蛛蟹不得小于120毫米(4.7英寸)[8]。而个别国家可能还有各自的保护法规,如西班牙禁止捕捞抱卵的雌蟹,法国和海峡群岛有禁捕期[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Carl Meyer. Maja squinado, the European Spider Crab: Biology and Fishery. University of Hawaii. [October 4, 2010]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-11). 
  2. ^ Bernardez, C., J. Freire & E. Gonzalez–Gurriaran,. Feeding of the spider crab Maja squinado in rocky subtidal areas of the Ria de Arousa (north-west Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2000, 80 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1017/S0025315499001605. 
  3. ^ E. Gonzalez–Gurriaran, J. Freire & C. Bernardez. Migratory patterns of female spider crabs Maja squinado detected using electronic tags and telemetry. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2002, 22 (1): 91–97. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0091:MPOFSC]2.0.CO;2. (原始内容存档于2007年1月14日). 
  4. ^ Le Foll, D. Biology and fisheries of the spider crab Maja squinado (Herbst) in western English Channel (PDF). Ph.D. thesis, Université de Bretagne Occidentale. November 1, 1993 [2018-05-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-09-04) (法语). 
  5. ^ Sampedro, M. P. & E. Gonzalez–Gurriaran. Aggregating behaviour of the spider crab Maja squinado in shallow waters. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2004, 24 (1): 168–177. doi:10.1651/C-2404. 
  6. ^ L. Garcia–Florez & P. Fernandez–Rueda. Reproductive biology of spider crab females (Maja brachydactyla) off the coast of Asturias (north-west Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2000, 80 (6): 1071–1076. doi:10.1017/S0025315400003131. 
  7. ^ Global Capture Production 1950–2004. Food and Agriculture Organization. September 9, 2006 [2018-05-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-23). 
  8. ^ Council Regulation (EEC) No 3094/86. Official Journal of the European Economic Community. October 7, 1986 [2018-05-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-18). 
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欧洲蜘蛛蟹
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