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不规则星系

NGC 1427A是不规则星系的一个例子。这是一个距离约5,200万光年的第一型不规则星系(Irr-1).

不规则星系是一种没有明显规则形状的星系,外观既不像螺旋也不像椭圆[1]。它们在外观上是混乱的,既没有核凸起,也没有任何螺旋臂结构的痕迹[2]

总体而言,认为它们占所有星系的四分之一左右。一些不规则星系可能曾经是螺旋星系或椭圆星系,但由于不均匀的外部引力而变形。不规则星系可能含有大量的气体和尘埃[3]。但对矮不规则星系而言,却不一定是如此[4]

不规则星系通常很小,质量大约是银河系的十分之一。由于它们的大小不够大,很容易受到环境的影响,例如与大型星系和星系际空间中的云气碰撞[5]

类型

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有三种主要类型的不规则星系[6]

  • 第一型不规则星系(Irr I):具有一些结构,但不足以将其明确地放入哈伯序列中。
    • 具有一些螺旋结构的子型,称为麦哲伦型星系(Sm)。
    • 没有螺旋结构的子型,称为Im'"星系。
  • 第二型不规则星系(Irr II):它似乎没有任何结构可以将其放入哈伯序列中。

  • 矮不规则星系(dIrr):是外观不规则的矮星系[7]。现在认为这种类型的星系对于理解星系的整体演化很重要,因为它们往往具有较低的金属量和相对高的气体含量,并且被认为类似于最早充斥于宇宙中的星系。在哈伯深领域探测中发现的暗蓝星系(faint blue galaxies)可能是该局部区域的代表星系,因此是最早期的星系。

一些不规则的星系,特别是麦哲伦类型,是被较大的邻居引力扭曲的小螺旋星系

麦哲伦云

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大、小麦哲伦云曾经都被归类为不规则星系。现在,大麦哲伦云已经重新分类为SBm型(棒旋麦哲伦螺旋星系[8]小麦哲伦云尽管它确实包含棒状结构,在目前的星系型态分类下仍被归类为Im型的不规则星系。

图集

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相关条目

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Butz, Stephen D. (2002). Science of Earth Systems. Cengage Learning. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-7668-3391-3.
  2. ^ Morgan, W. W. & Mayall, N. U. (1957). "A Spectral Classification of Galaxies." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 69 (409): 291–303.
  3. ^ Faulkes Telescope Educational Guide - Galaxies - Irregulars. [2022-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-07). 
  4. ^ Walter, F. et al. Astophys J 661, 102 - 114, 2007
  5. ^ Elmegreen, Debra Meloy, and Bruce G. Elmegreen. "Galaxies." Space Sciences, edited by Pat Dasch, vol. 2: Planetary Science and Astronomy, Macmillan Reference USA, 2002, pp. 50-56. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=mcc_pv&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3408800138&asid=f1f899f2eb1f500bc3341c4f13abb896. Accessed 25 September 2017.
  6. ^ Gallagher, J. S. & Hunter, D. A. (1984). "Structure and Evolution of Irregular Galaxies." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 22: 37-74. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.000345
  7. ^ Grebel, Eva K. (2004). The evolutionary history of Local Group irregular galaxies. in McWilliam, Andrew; Rauch, Michael (eds) Origin and evolution of the elements. Cambridge University Press. p. 234-254. ISBN 978-0-521-75578-8.
  8. ^ Corso, G. and Buscombe, W. The Observatory, 90, 229 - 233 (1970) On the spiral structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  9. ^ Feeling blue. www.spacetelescope.org. [5 November 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-05). 
  10. ^ A frenzy of stars. www.spacetelescope.org. [26 February 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-25). 
  11. ^ Surveying the cosmos. www.spacetelescope.org. [19 June 2017]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-18). 
  12. ^ Spotlight on IC 3583. www.spacetelescope.org. [28 November 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-17). 
  13. ^ A lopsided lynx. www.spacetelescope.org. [9 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-21). 
  14. ^ A distinctly disorganised dwarf. [29 March 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-25). 
  15. ^ Meeting the neighbours. www.spacetelescope.org. ESA/Hubble. [8 June 2015]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-27). 
  16. ^ A spattering of blue. www.spacetelescope.org. ESA/Hubble. [8 September 2014]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-05). 
  17. ^ A cosmic optical illusion. ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. [20 August 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-07). 

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不规则星系
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