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超稀疏星系

超稀疏星系Ultra diffuse galaxy,缩写:UDG)是一种物质密度极低的星系。这类星系的体积可能和我们的银河系相同,但恒星数只有银河系的1%。这类星系因为缺乏恒星形成的气体而使其光度极低,结果就是星系内的恒星相当古老[1][2]

目前在距离地球3.3亿光年的后发座星系团内找到了一些超稀疏星系,这些星系的直径大约是60 kly(18 kpc)(超过银河系直径一半),但内部恒星数只有银河系的1%左右[3]。后发座星系团内的超稀疏星系分布与一般明亮星系相同;这表示星系团内超稀疏星系的气体被剥离,同时明亮星系吸收了大量气体。较高潮汐力区域内也有类似的分布情形,这代表在较高压力下有较大比例的暗物质让区域内星系保持聚集[1]

后发座星系团内一个超稀疏星系的典型例子是蜻蜓44星系[2]。该星系的转速观测资料显示它的质量是太阳的1兆倍,大约与银河系相等。这也符合蜻蜓44星系周围90个球状星团运动的观测资料结果。但是它的光度只有约银河系的1%[4]。2016年8月25日的一篇论文指出,蜻蜓44星系可能是几乎完全由暗物质组成的星系[5][6][7]

2018年3月28日,耶鲁大学天文学者彼得·范道肯英语Pieter Van Dokkum研究团队发现,NGC 1052附近的超稀疏星系NGC 1052-DF2与众不同地缺乏暗物质[8]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Astronomers discover 854 ultra-dark galaxies in the famous Coma Cluster. Science Daily. 22 June 2015 [2016-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-01). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Scientists discover the fluffiest galaxies. phys.org. 14 May 2015 [2016-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-26). 
  3. ^ Scientists at Keck Discover the Fluffiest Galaxies. Space Daily. 18 May 2015 [2016-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-07). 
  4. ^ Crosswell, Ken. The Milky Way’s dark twin revealed. Nature News. 26 July 2016 [30 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-13). 
  5. ^ Van Dokkum, Pieter; et al. A High Stellar Velocity Dispersion and ~100 Globular Clusters For The Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 25 August 2016 [27 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-30). 
  6. ^ Hall, Shannon. Ghost galaxy is 99.99 per cent dark matter with almost no stars. New Scientist. 25 August 2016 [27 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-11). 
  7. ^ Feltman, Rachael. A new class of galaxy has been discovered, one made almost entirely of dark matter. The Washington Post. 26 August 2016 [26 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-02). 
  8. ^ 存档副本. [2018-03-28]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-29). 

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超稀疏星系
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