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HD1

HD1
HD1的上色图像,确定自帕瑞纳天文台可见光和红外巡天望远镜的数据[1]
观测资料(J2000 历元
星座六分仪座[2][3]
赤经10h 01m 51.31s[2]
赤纬02° 32′ 50.0″[2]
红移13.27[2]
距离
参见:星系星系列表

HD1是一个未经证实的高红移星系,截至2022年4月,它被认为是迄今为止在可观测宇宙中发现的最早且遥远的已知星系,在138亿年前的大爆炸仅约3.3亿年后诞生,由于宇宙膨胀的关系,其现时的同移距离达到惊人的334亿光年。

发现

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2022年4月7日,来自东京大学的天文学家团队公布在六分仪座发现了所谓的高红移星系HD1(RA:10:01:51.31 DEC:+02:32:50.0)[2][3],同时发现的还有另一个在鲸鱼座的高红移星系HD2(RA:02:18:52.44 DEC:-05:08:36.1)[2][3]

物理性质

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HD1是迄今可观测宇宙中发现最早且遥远的已知星系,其光谱红移为13.27,意味着来自该星系的光需约135亿年才能到达地球,同时由于宇宙膨胀,它的同移距离达到约33.4 × 109光年(10.2 × 109秒差距[1][2][4][5][6][7]。HD1的观测位置被确认为大爆炸后约3.3亿年[8],而另一个同样拥有高红移的星系HD2则被认为与HD1几乎一样远[9]

HD1异常高的光度与显著明亮的紫外发射对其发现者来说,一直是一个悬而未决的问题。科学家们为此在认为它可能有大量比现在的恒星质量更大、亮度更高的第三星族星的同时得出两个结论,其一是活跃的莱曼断裂星系,其二是恒星生成速度极高的星暴星系,其产生恒星的速度远远高于以前观察到的任何星系[10]。另一种可能为HD1是一个拥有超大质量黑洞类星体,若然属实,那么这情况将限制宇宙早期阶段的黑洞生长模型。该星系的确切物理性质可能需要待詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜分析后才可确认[11]

之前已知最远的星系GN-z11在2015年发现,其红移为11,即在大爆炸后约4.2亿年诞生[9]

未来规划

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据HD1和HD2的发现者的说法,如果它们的光谱被证实,那么这发现将是一堂研究以前难以观察的遥远宇宙的实验课[5]。研究人员希望进一步厘清这些天体,包括更好地识别它们是星系,抑或是类星体黑洞,并在将来詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜罗曼太空望远镜GREX-PLUS日语GREX-PLUS进行太空任务时作仔细观测[2]。若经过更精确的侦察,有着极高同移距离的HD1也可能存在第一颗被发现的可见第三星族星[11]。此外,研究人员声称,使用即将发射的新太空望远镜可以发现超过10,000个类似的在宇宙早期诞生的星系[9]

最早的星系候选者和宇宙的历史(截至2022年4月7日)[1]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lira, Nicolás; Iono, Daisuke; Oliver, Amy c.; Ferreira, Bárbara. Astronomers Detect Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Yet. Atacama Large Millimeter Array. 7 April 2022 [8 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-09). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Harikane, Yuichi; et al. A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z~12-16. 2 February 2022. arXiv:2112.09141可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Staff. Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates. DJM.cc. 2008 [8 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-15). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Crane, Leah. Astronomers have found what may be the most distant galaxy ever seen – A galaxy called HD1 appears to be about 33.4 billion light years away, making it the most distant object ever seen – and its extreme brightness is puzzling researchers. New Scientist. 7 April 2022 [8 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-14). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Pacussi, Fabio; et al. Are the newly-discovered z ∼ 13 drop-out sources starburst galaxies or quasars?. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 April 2022 [7 April 2022]. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slac035. (原始内容存档于2022-04-12). 
  6. ^ Buongiorno, Caitlyn. Astronomers discover the most distant galaxy yet - Unusually bright in ultraviolet light, HD1 may also set another cosmic record.. Astronomy. 7 April 2022 [7 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-14). 
  7. ^ Wenz, John. Behold! Astronomers May Have Discovered The Most Distant Galaxy Ever – HD1 could be from just 300 million years after the Big Bang.. Inverse. 7 April 2022 [7 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-15). 
  8. ^ Carter, Jamie. Meet HD1, The New Most Distant Galaxy Found 13.5 Billion Years Back In Time And Close To The ‘Big Bang’. Forbes News. 7 April 2022 [10 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-22). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Carlisle, Camille M. Are These The Most Distant Galaxies Yet Seen? – Two fuzzy red objects in the early universe may be galaxies shining at us from only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang.. Sky & Telescope. 7 April 2022 [7 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-09). 
  10. ^ BBC News Staff. Astronomers spot oldest and most distant galaxy, new study claims. BBC News. 10 April 2022 [10 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-16). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Overbye, Dennis. Astronomers Find What Might Be the Most Distant Galaxy Yet – Is the object a galaxy of primordial stars or a black hole knocking on the door of time? The Webb space telescope may help answer that question.. The New York Times. 7 April 2022 [7 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-22). 

外部链接

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HD1
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