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额定容量

额定容量(英语:Nameplate capacity),又有铭板容量标称容量装置容量或是最大容量等别称,意指于一部安装于工厂中的机械装置依照其出厂时的预定满载负荷,进行持续的能量输出,如发电厂[1][2]化学工厂[3]、燃料工厂[4][5][6]、金属冶炼厂[7]矿物加工厂[8]以及其他类型的工厂。额定容量是由制造商给定的一组固定数字以便于发电厂规划其发电时的输出功率,通常以百万瓦(MW)作为单位。[9]

发电厂发电时,其发电机组的持续输出效率通常会接近于发电机的额定容量,如此一来,便会具有较高的容量因子

调度电力

以调度电力来说,一机组的额定容量会取决于持续运转输出时的时长(例如:一天),然而,这样的额定容量虽然不是暂时性,但也不是永久性的。并且,更没有将外在因素也考量进入,如动力燃料缺乏、机组内部故障、机组维护更新后出力提升[10],以及环境变化等等的因素均可能导致一机组实际输出的额定容量有所差异。[10][11]

不可调度电力

以不可调度电力,尤其是可再生能源来说,额定容量是指在理想状态下,最大的输出功率。最大的输出功率往往会受到气候的影响而定,如水力发电厂中,水坝的蓄水量,潮汐发电厂需视潮汐变化等外在因素而受到限制。而如遭遇机组故障或维修等内在状况,其容量因子会比起外在的环境因素来的影响更低。以太阳光电系统来说,额定容量是依据标准测试条件,通常是以非国际单位制(non-SI)的指标适应单位瓦峰值(Wp)来制定。另外,太阳光电系统的额定容量铭板上,有时会再用一行子索引来表示,例如MWDC 或是 MWAC,此举的作法是为了明确表示,其额定容量是否为原始的直流电源输出或已转换为交流电源输出[12]

发电机容量

一张涡轮电力英语turbo-electric燃气-蒸气联合装置英语Combined gas and steam(COGES)发电厂的示意图

发电机容量一词是由额定容量与发电机所组成的,这些铭板上,会标注上装置型号、制造商名称等,通常还会再标注上额定的输出容量,[13]不过,通常从发电厂经输电线路进入到供电网络输出的电力会比发电机组的额定容量还小,因为这些输配电的设备是属于安装在发电机之外的附属设备。而如果以发电厂内的厂用电来说,因为其电力是从外部的供电网络传送回发电厂供应厂用电,期间会有电力损耗的状况,因此仍会较发电机组的额定容量更低[12]

参见

资料来源

  1. ^ Energy glossary页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Energy Information Administration. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  2. ^ Glossary页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2 August 2010. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  3. ^ Plant Performance Data (PPD) 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2010-09-10. ICIS. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  4. ^ Refinery Economics 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2010-12-28. Natural Resources Canada, 5 january 2009. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  5. ^ Magnificent seven页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Arabian Business, 17 June 2008. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  6. ^ Daniel O’Brien and Mike Woolverton. Trends in U.S. fuel ethanol production capacity: 2005-2009页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆K-State & Extension, August 2009. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  7. ^ Refining Capacity页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Alcoa, December 31, 2009 . Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  8. ^ The Future of Tantalum and Niobium页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Mining-Technology, 14 Jan 2010. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  9. ^ Certificate of Nameplate Capacity 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2010-12-27. Ohio Department of Development. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Kleiser, Thomas. Response to CDM页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) page 2-4 by TÜV, 4 March 2009. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  11. ^ Swain, Bibb. Designed to go above Nameplate Capacity页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Ethanol Producer, November 2006. Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Cleveland & Morris. Dictionary of Energy. 2009-09-21. ISBN 9780080965178. 
  13. ^ Reitze, Arnold W. Air pollution control law: compliance and enforcement页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) page 260 George Washington University Law School, 2001. ISBN 1-58576-027-7, ISBN 978-1-58576-027-5 Retrieved: 23 September 2010.
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额定容量
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