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抽水蓄能电站

抽蓄发电Pumped-storage hydroelectricity),又称抽水蓄能电站,是一种特殊的水力发电厂。它将离峰电力以水的势能储存起来的大型装置,当用电尖峰时再用来发电。

换言之,这类“发电厂”本身没有发电的能力。它先从其他发电厂输入电力,然后在尖峰时间输出电力。这使得火力核能发电厂基载发电厂能够以大致相同的输出来运作。

原理

使用水力抽蓄发电,利用离峰电力将水抽回来,再将水放出做水力发电。当电力生产过剩时,剩电便会供予电动抽水泵,把水输送至地势较高的蓄水库,待电力需求增加时,把水闸放开,水便从高处的蓄水库依地势流往原来电抽水泵的位置,借水势能推动水道间的涡轮机重新发电,达至蓄能之效。

抽水蓄能用于风力发电

风力发电机来说,过去风力仅用来发电,并不足以再用电动机抽水。其实风力发电机在运转的同时,可以用空气压缩机压缩空气储能技术,将风力储存起来,而在风大时利用唧筒抽水,将水存在高处并压缩,当无风时将空气压缩机压力击向储水巣,让水压带动发电机,并形成风压,让风力发电机的叶片永远在转动。

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抽水蓄能电站
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