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朗肯循环

朗肯循环的流程图

朗肯循环(英语:Rankine Cycle)也被称为兰金循环,是一种将热能转化为功的热力学循环。郎肯循环从外界吸收热量,将其闭环的工质,通常使用水加热做功。郎肯循环产生世界上90%的电力,包括几乎所有的太阳能热能,生物质能,煤炭与核能的电站。[1]它是根据苏格兰博学家格拉斯哥大学教授威廉·约翰·麦夸恩·兰金William John Macquorn Rankine)的名字命名的。郎肯循环是支持蒸汽机的基本热力学原理。

循环过程

典型朗肯循环的温度与熵关系图

朗肯循环有以下四个过程。

  1. 液体水泵压缩,液体会从低压上升至高压,成为高压液。
  2. 高压液被注入锅炉加热,在恒定压力下,高压液吸收了外部热源成为饱和蒸汽
  3. 饱和蒸汽膨胀后,会推动涡轮机发电,饱和蒸汽的温度和压力因此减少,并成为湿蒸汽,
  4. 湿蒸汽然后进入冷凝器,被冷凝成为饱和液体。

有机朗肯循环

有机朗肯循环英语Organic Rankine cycle[2]特指使用有机溶液作为工作流体的朗肯循环,被广泛运用在工业废热回收、太阳热能发电、生质能燃烧发电上。由于有机溶液的沸点较低,因此可以利用温度较低的热源运作。在有机溶液的选用上,通常会使用干性溶液(dry fluid),目的是避免压降过程发生两相混合而损坏涡轮叶片。热源温度会影响其工作流体的选择,适合的工作流体是各种冷媒(摄氏100度至180度)、碳氢化合物(摄氏180度至250度)、硅氧烷(摄氏250度至400度)。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Wiser, Wendell H. Energy resources: occurrence, production, conversion, use. Birkhäuser. 2000: 190 [2013-05-01]. ISBN 978-0-387-98744-6. (原始内容存档于2016-05-29). 
  2. ^ Velez, Fredy. A technical, economical and market review of organic Rankine cycles for the conversion of low-grade heat for power generation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 
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朗肯循环
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