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需量反应

需量反应(英语:demand response)是利用改变用电需求,来使供电足以满足用电。传统电力系统主要是调整电力供应端的输出来满足用电,然而某些发电机组有操作上的限制(例如:升降载要花一定的时间),且尖峰备用机组的成本较高。不同于过去从供应端调整的方法,需量反应从需求端来调整。[1]

常见的作法有降低用电离峰时的电价,来鼓励用户在离峰时使用电力,此作法要配合智慧电表的安装。另外一种作法是需量竞价,为电力公司英语Electric power industry管理电力需求的一种方式,是指系统高载时期,开放用户把节省下来的电卖回给电力公司,并由用户出价竞标[2]。电力公司则采愈低报价者先得标方式决定得标者,若得标者于抑低用电期间确实减少用电量,则可获得电费扣减。此措施借由用户自报需量反应方式,赋与用户更多自主权,激发抑低用电潜能,以改善系统负载型态,进而延缓对新设电源之开发或降低可能面临之限电风险。[3]

电力公司推出的负载端管理机制,工业大户下午六时前向电力公司报价竞标,得标后,隔天依报价降低用电量,电力公司支付费用,每度电报价最高十元。换句话说,电力公司花十元买回一度电,故可少发一度电,而这度电的燃料成本可能大于十元,电力公司还有利可图,所以“需量竞价”是经济调度的手段。[4]

参考文献

  1. ^ 用電旺季 比發電更划算的「需量反應」成潮流 全球前三大電力集團Enel看上台灣市場潛力. 环境资讯中心. 2019-08-02 [2021-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-15). 
  2. ^ 需量反應促企業與永續雙贏. 产业学习网. 2019-09-24 [2021-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-16). 
  3. ^ 需量競價措施 (PDF). 台湾电力公司. [2017-08-20]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-05-17). 
  4. ^ 联合新闻网. 電不夠?請台電公開資訊 - 民意論壇 - 評論. 联合新闻网. August 6, 2017 [August 20, 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-20) (中文). 

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需量反应
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