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负载因数

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电机工程领域,负载因数的定义是平均负载与某时段内的最大负载的比值,[1]其可用于衡量负载电能利用率。一个负载如具有高的负载因数,表示其正很有效率地利用供电系统;低负载因数则显示负载未充分利用其配给到的电能。

相关叙述

负载因数可从用电设备的负载曲线英语Load profile中求出。负载因数始终介于1和0之间,因为尖峰用电永远大于平均用电。高负载因数表示负载的用电量较稳定;低负载因数显示负载偶尔会有很高的用电需求,为了满足随时窜升的用电需求,许多发电机组就必须持续运转,增加成本消耗。

对于高负载因数的用电户,可能会减免其部分电费,从而鼓励用户提升负载因数。为了降低成本并增加供电稳定度而采取的类似手段,合称为负载平衡英语Load balancing (electrical power)或削峰填谷(peak shaving)。

负载因数与需求因数英语Demand factor密切相关且常被混淆。

  • 需求因数 = 某时段内的最大负载 / 可供应的最大负载

需留意的差异是:供电系统的最大负荷量无法从负载曲线中看出,因此需求因数无法以负载曲线求出。

计算

负载因数 = 平均负载 / 某时段内的最大负载

一个商业用电负载的计算范例:

因此:

  • 负载因数 = [ 57,200 千瓦小时 ÷ (30 × 一天24小时) ] ÷ 436 千瓦 = 0.1822(18.22%)

参见

参考文献

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负载因数
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