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铠鲨

铠鲨
化石时期:中始新世至现代[1]
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
亚类: 鲨总目 Selachimorpha
目: 角鲨目 Squaliformes
科: 黑棘鲛科 Dalatiidae
属: 铠鲨属 Dalatias
Rafinesque, 1810
种:
铠鲨 D. licha
二名法
Dalatias licha
分布海域
异名

Dalatias sparophagus* Rafinesque, 1810
Dalatias tachiensis Shen & Ting, 1972
Pseudoscymnus boshuensis Herre, 1935
Scymnorhinus brevipinnis Smith, 1936
Scymnorhinus phillippsi Whitley, 1931
Scymnus aquitanensis* de la Pylaie, 1835
Scymnus vulgaris Cloquet, 1822
Squalus americanus Gmelin, 1789
Squalus licha Bonnaterre, 1788
Squalus nicaeensis Risso, 1810
Squalus scymnus Voigt, 1832


* 歧义异名

铠鲨学名Dalatias licha),又称黑鲛,为软骨鱼纲角鲨目铠鲨科的一,为单型。分布于全世界,栖息于 200—600米(660—1,970英尺) 深的海床上。透过富含脂肪的肝脏来维持中性浮力英语neutral buoyancy,可以在水中缓慢游动而不必消耗过多能量。铠鲨身体细长,体长约 1.0—1.4米(3.3—4.6英尺),吻部钝而短,眼睛大,唇厚。上颔齿与下颔齿型态差异很大,上颔齿小而窄,下颔齿则很大,呈三角形且具有锯齿边缘。

铠鲨为独行的掠食者,以硬骨鱼鲨鱼和鳐头足纲甲壳纲多毛纲管水母腐肉为食。牠们也会攻击体型比自己大的猎物,和雪茄达摩鲨Isistius brasiliensis)一样。属于卵胎生,每次可产下 10 - 14 头幼鲨。商业渔业英语commercial fishing(主要是葡萄牙日本)会捕捉铠鲨以获得牠们的肉、皮革以及鱼肝油。过度捕鱼加上低繁殖率,铠鲨目前已被国际自然保护联盟列为易危物种

分布

本鱼分布于世界各地海域 。该物种的模式产地在法国[3]

深度

水深37至1800米。

特征

本鱼体呈正圆柱形,吻很短。上颔齿尖刺状,下颔齿则呈叶片状。鱼体暗褐色,腹部黄褐色。背鳍二个,较小,鳍后缘具白边。尾鳍末端黑色。体长可达182公分。

特征

本为温带、热带深水鲨鱼,肝脏含油量高,可增加浮力,不用摆动鳍或身体即可停在水中。肉食性,以鱼类、小型甲壳类为主。卵胎生,每次产10至16尾幼鲨。

经济利用

食用鱼,鱼肝可制成鱼肝油

参考资料

  1. ^ Keyes, I.W. New records of fossil elasmobranch genera Megascyliorhinus, Centrophorus, and Dalatias (Order Selachii) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 1984, 27 (2): 203–216. doi:10.1080/00288306.1984.10422527. 
  2. ^ Finucci, B., Walls, R.H.L., Guallart, J. & Kyne, P.M. 2018. Dalatias licha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T6229A3111662. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T6229A3111662.en页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Downloaded on 27 December 2018.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 铠鲨. 中国动物物种编目数据库. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 

扩展阅读

维基物种上的相关信息:铠鲨

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铠鲨
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