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肩章鲨

肩章鲨
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
亚类: 鲨总目 Selachimorpha
目: 须鲨目 Orectolobiformes
科: 长尾须鲨科 Hemiscylliidae
属: 长尾须鲨属 Hemiscyllium
种:
肩章鲨 H. ocellatum
二名法
Hemiscyllium ocellatum
(Bonnaterre, 1788)
肩章鲨分布区为蓝色
异名

Squalus ocellatus Bonnaterre, 1788
Squalus oculatus Banks & Solander, 1827

肩章鲨(学名:Hemiscyllium ocellatum),又名斑点长尾须鲨,属于天竺鲨科,亦即竹鲨的一种。于西太平洋发现,生活于巴布亚新几内亚及北澳大利亚的海域,亦出没于马来西亚苏门答腊印尼)及位于南纬1°至26°之间的所罗门群岛,水深50米的海底。牠们的长度约为1.07米。

肩章鲨普遍出没于珊瑚礁的浅水带,尤其在潮池。牠们会用鳍“步行”至潮汐池寻找猎物。牠的尾鳍有着明显的近端凹刻。牠们主要猎食海底区的无脊椎动物

牠们都是卵生的。牠们有着一种能在低氧的环境下,关掉一些非主要的脑部功能的能力。这种能力就像是在低氧的潮汐池猎食的适应能力。

分布及栖息地

肩章鲨的栖息范围包括新几内亚南部沿岸至澳洲北部沿岸,最南可至雪梨[2]。在大堡礁的摩羯座群岛中,光是赫伦岛的珊瑚礁就估计约栖息有数千只肩章鲨栖息于此[1]。此外,在马来西亚苏门答腊所罗门群岛亦有未经证实的目击回报[3]。肩章鲨所栖息的海域最深不会超过50米(160英尺),有时甚至会出没于极浅的水域当中。牠们偏好栖息于潮池珊瑚礁中,尤其容易在鹿角珊瑚英语Staghorn_coral附近找到[3][4]

描述

肩章鲨命名的由来来自于牠们胸鳍上方明显的黑斑。

肩章鲨的体长约70至90厘米(28至35英寸),最长可达107厘米(42英寸)[4][5],而尾柄与尾鳍则占了体长的一半以上。口鼻部短而圆,鼻孔与一对鱼须位于其末端,鼻孔至口之间有许多凹槽。上颌具有 26-35 排牙齿,下颌则具有 21-32 排牙齿,牙齿较小,呈三角形。眼睛位于头部高位,呈椭圆形,两眼底下各有一个喷水孔英语Spiracle (vertebrates)。五对鳃裂小而不明显,其中第四及第五对鳃裂的位置十分相近[3]

肩章鲨的胸鳍与臀鳍宽而圆,并具有强壮的肌肉。背上具有两大小相当的背鳍。臀鳍位于身体后部,紧邻尾鳍。尾鳍仅有上叶,有明显的腹端凹刻。成年的肩章鲨体色呈米色至褐色,具有深褐色的斑点。在胸鳍上方具有非常大而明显具有白框的黑斑,这也是肩章鲨的名称由来。幼体的肩章鲨全身具有明显的深色横带,而这些横带会随着年纪增长而逐渐褪去[2][5]

牠们以小型鱼和蟹为主食。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Hemiscyllium ocellatum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003. [June 2, 2008]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Bester, C. Biological Profiles: Epaulette Shark页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on May 14, 2009.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Compagno, L.J.V. Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date (Volume 2). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. 2002: 181–182. ISBN 978-92-5-104543-5. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Hemiscyllium ocellatum. FishBase. Version 2009-05.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Ferrari, A.; Ferrari, A. Sharks. FireFly Books. 2002: 119. ISBN 978-1-55209-629-1. 

外部链接

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肩章鲨
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