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氢化镁

氢化镁
IUPAC名
Magnesium hydride
英文名 Magnesium_hydride
别名 二氢化镁
识别
CAS号 7693-27-8  checkY
PubChem 107663
ChemSpider 16787263
SMILES
 
  • [MgH2]
InChI
 
  • 1/Mg.2H/rH2Mg/h1H2
InChIKey RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-HZAFDXBCAG
性质
化学式 MgH2
摩尔质量 26.3209 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色晶体
密度 1.45 g/cm3
熔点 327 °C
溶解性 分解
结构
晶体结构 四方晶系[1]
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
易燃易燃 F
刺激性刺激性 Xi
[2]
警示术语 R:R15, R11, R36/37/38[2]
安全术语 S:S8, S43, S36/37/39, S26, S16, S7[2]
欧盟编号 未列出
主要危害 自燃[3]
相关物质
其他阳离子 氢化铍
氢化钙
氢化锶
氢化钡
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氢化镁,又称二氢化镁,一种白色结晶,易燃和具刺激性。可用作强还原剂。属共价型氢化物,呈弱碱性,可通过氢桥键形成聚合物,类似于氢化铝氢化铍[1]

性质

和水反应,生成氢氧化镁[1]

MgH2 + 2H2O → 2H2 + Mg(OH)2

在1压力下加热至300℃时,会分解成及氢:[4]

MgH2 → Mg + H2

暴露在氧气空气中会自燃,生成氧化镁及水:[1]

MgH2 + O2 → MgO + H2O

制备

氢化镁被发现于1912年,[5]热解乙基碘化镁(一种格氏试剂)时,会生成少量氢化镁。 1951年有一项研究报告描述,将暴露在气中加热加压到200大气压和500℃时两者发生反应,生成氢化镁。

Mg + H2 → MgH2

该反应需使用碘化镁作为催化剂。[1][6]

结构和成键

在室温下形成的氢化镁为β-MgH2,具有金红石二氧化钛的结构,[7],高压形成的氢化镁则有两种结构形式,α-PbO2型α-MgH2和γ-MgH2[8][9]

氢气存在下,将镁用激光消融得到的试样,用基质隔离的方法在10开尔文以下用振动光谱分析,可以鉴别出MgH、MgH2、Mg2H、Mg2H2、Mg2H3及Mg2H4这些氢化镁的分子形式。[10]

用途

  • 制备无机聚合型氢化物[1]
  • 作为储氢介质

参见

参考来源

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 (简体中文)化工词典 氢化镁页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 (简体中文)ChemicalBook 二氢化镁
  3. ^ Synthesis of magnesium hydride by the reaction of phenylsilane and dibutylmagnesium , Michalczyk M.J., Organometallics; (1992); 11(6); 2307-2309. doi:10.1021/om00042a055
  4. ^ Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications, L. Schlapbach and A. Züttel, Nature 414, 353 (2001).doi:10.1038/35104634[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Jolibois, Compte Rendu, 155, 353,(1912)
  6. ^ Wiberg, Goeltzer, Bauer,1951, Z naturforsch 6b, 394, (1951)
  7. ^ Neutron diffraction study of magnesium deuteride, Zachariasen W.H., Holley C.E, Stamper J.F. Jnr, Acta Cryst. (1963) 16, 352-353, doi:10.1107/S0365110X63000967
  8. ^ Michael D. Hampton, Dmitry V. Schur, Svetlana Yu. Zaginaichenko, V. I. Trefilov, Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Katsiveli, Yalta, Ukraine, 2002, Springer, ISBN 1402007302
  9. ^ Structure of the high pressure phase γ-MgH2 by neutron powder diffraction, Bortz M., Bertheville B., Böttger G., Yvon K., Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 287, 1-2, (1999), L4-L6, doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(99)00028-6
  10. ^ Infrared Spectra of Magnesium Hydride Molecules, Complexes, and Solid Magnesium Dihydride, Xuefeng Wang and Lester Andrews, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108 (52), 11511 -11520, 2004. doi:10.1021/jp046410h

外部链接

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氢化镁
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