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氢化钙

氢化钙(二氢化钙)
IUPAC名
氢化钙(II)
别名 氢化钙
二氢化钙
识别
CAS号 7789-78-8  checkY
PubChem 105052
ChemSpider 94784
SMILES
 
  • [H-].[H-].[Ca+2]
InChI
 
  • 1/Ca.2H/q+2;2*-1
InChIKey UUGAXJGDKREHIO-UHFFFAOYAG
EINECS 232-189-2
性质
化学式 CaH2
摩尔质量 42.094 g·mol⁻¹
外观 灰色
(纯:无色)
密度 (固) 1.90
熔点 816 °C
溶解性 剧烈反应
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氢化钙是化学式为CaH2无机化合物。通常为灰色粉末(高纯度时为白色,但很少见),与水剧烈反应产生气。因此CaH2可被用作干燥剂

CaH2为盐类氢化物,其结构与盐相似。碱金属碱土金属的氢化物都是盐类氢化物。例如我们所熟知的氢化钠,它会在NaCl晶格中结晶。这些氢化物具有更复杂的结构,它们在不反应的溶剂中均不溶解。CaH2会在PbCl2晶格中结晶。[1]

性质

与水在常温下反应,生成氢氧化钙和氢气。CaH2+ 2H2O → Ca(OH)2+ 2H2↑ 氢化钙具有强还原性,可使金属氧化物M、氯化物的金属M游离出来。 2CaH2+ M(金属)O2→ 2CaO + 2H2↑+ M(金属)

CaH2+2M(金属)Cl→CaCl2+2M(金属)+H2↑

干燥剂

CaH2与水的化学反应可以下式表示:

CaH2 + 2 H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2

水解产生的两种化合物,氢气和Ca(OH)2固体,非常容易以蒸馏过滤倾析溶剂分离开。氢化钙是非常温和的干燥剂,它比其他试剂如金属钠钾合金安全。氢化钙常被用于干燥碱性物质,如吡啶[2]它也被用来预处理即将被更强干燥剂干燥的溶剂的水分

缺点

虽然 CaH2 非常方便且常常被选用为干燥剂,但是它有一些缺点:

  • 相较于 LiAlH4,它不溶于任何溶液,因此干燥反应的速度很慢。
  • 会与氯代烃产生非常剧烈的反应(LiAlH4也有这个缺点)。
  • CaH2Ca(OH)2在外观上几乎难以区别,CaH2 的样品纯度很难从外观上加以判断。
  • 钙氢化合物不能去除溶解氧,因此它不能用来溶剂去氧。

参考资料

  1. ^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
  2. ^ Gawley, R. E.; Davis, A. "Calcium Hydride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rc005.
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氢化钙
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