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砹化氢

砹化氢
IUPAC名
Astatane[1]
系统名
hydridoastatine
别名 水溶液称氢砹酸
识别
CAS号 13464-71-6  checkY
ChemSpider 22432
SMILES
 
  • [AtH]
InChI
 
  • 1/AtH/h1H
InChIKey PGLQOBBPBPTBQS-UHFFFAOYAG
性质
化学式 HAt
摩尔质量 211.01 g·mol−1
沸点 -3 °C(270 K)(预测[2]
溶解性 可溶
相关物质
其他阴离子 氟化氢氯化氢
溴化氢碘化氢
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

砹化氢,又称氢砹酸化学式:HAt),是一种卤氢酸,由氢原子原子组成的共价化合物。[3]

这种化合物溶于水生成氢砹酸,性质和其他四种卤化氢相似——实际上具备氢卤酸中最强的酸性。但它极易分解为氢与砹单质[4],加之砹的同位素半衰期均很短,因此它的用途有限。由于氢原子(2.20)和砹(2.22)原子有着几乎相等的电负度,砹的阳离子已被观察到[5],解离时极易造成在氢携带负电荷。因此,砹化氢可以进行以下反应:

2 HAt → H+ + At + H + At+ → H2 + At2

此外,卤化氢HX的趋势是随着卤化物的周期增加,形成的焓降低。尽管氢碘酸溶液是稳定的,但是砹化氢溶液明显不如水-氢-砹系统稳定。砹原子核的辐解也可能会切断H-At键。 进一步的,砹没有稳定的同位素,其中最稳定的是砹-210,它的半衰期约为8.1小时,使得它的化学成分及结构改变,特别难以处理[6],由于砹会衰变成其他元素(),所以可能会变成铋化氢钋化氢或分解。

参考文献

  1. ^ Henri A. Favre; Warren H. Powell (编). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014: 131. 
  2. ^ Analytical Chemistry of Technetium, Promethium, Astatine and Francium by Avgusta Konstantinovna. Lavrukhina, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Pozdnyakov ISBN 0250399237
  3. ^ PubChem, "astatane - Compound Summary"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), accessed July 3, 2009.
  4. ^ Fairbrother, Peter, "Re: Is hydroastitic acid possible?"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), accessed July 3, 2009.
  5. ^ Advances in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 6页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Emeleus, p.219, Academic Press, 1964 ISBN 0-12-023606-0
  6. ^ Gagnon, Steve, "It's Elemental"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), accessed July 3, 2009.
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砹化氢
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