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掼奶油

掼奶油
一杯热巧克力覆盖着掼奶油
类型奶油
主要成分奶油
菜品变种尚蒂伊奶油
涂在蓝莓蛋糕上的新奶油

掼奶油(英语:whipped cream)或淡奶油,亦有人音译自法语称之为香缇奶油(法语:crème chantilly),是经过打发的奶油乳脂含量不低于30%的液态奶油(whipping cream)在搅拌过程中与空气混和,逐渐变成蓬松的半液态软胶状,体积变为两倍左右。

历史

掼奶油在16世纪开始流行[1],在多本著作中有提及[2][3][4],曾被称为“牛奶雪”(英语:milk snow)[5]。雪奶油(英语:snow cream)的名称一直到17世纪还在使用 [6][7]

成分

用于打发的奶油脂肪含量很高,因为脂肪颗粒容易形成包围气泡的稳定结构[8]。一般打发奶油的乳脂含量在30%-36%之间, 蛋白质含量在2.5-2.2%之间[9]

打发奶油里会添加,使其味道变甜。有时会搭配香荚兰或加入橙花水调味。[10]

制备

搅拌法

传统方法是通过搅拌奶油,直到它明亮和蓬松;将液态的奶油不停地搅拌直到被打成蓬松的半液态软胶状,这是因为奶油中含有超过30%的脂肪在搅拌过程中与空气混和,空气被油脂的网络锁住而导致得出来的奶油是搅拌前的大约两倍体积[11]

打发之前最好是冷藏[12]。如果在形成掼奶油的状态后继续搅拌,油脂会黏在一起变成固体的奶油,其液态成分会被完全地分离出来成为白脱牛奶,这种奶因为上述原因所以其脂肪含量比一般的牛奶要低[13]。有时候为了令掼奶油的质感更挺身及避免过度搅拌成牛油会在事前加入糖霜[14]

充气法

奶油气弹里装有笑气

掼奶油可以买现成的喷灌英语Reddi-Wip[15]。但喷罐装挤出来已经打发好的奶油稳定性差,一般只用来装饰热饮和水果,不适合装饰蛋糕。自己制作时,将需要打发的奶油装入一个形状类似“保温杯”的喷枪(whipping siphon),装上一颗银色子弹大小的“气罐英语Whipped-cream charger”,按动阀门,即可喷出打发的奶油。[16]

用途

掼奶油通常加在咖啡可可饮料上[17],或涂在西式甜点上如蛋糕冰淇淋[18]。可以使用挤花袋在糕点上挤出掼奶油装饰花纹,添加稳定剂可长时间保持形状[19][20]

参考资料

  1. ^ Terence Scully, trans., The Opera of Bartolomeo Scappi (1570): L'arte et prudenza d'un maestro Cuoco; The Art and Craft of a Master Cook, 2008, ISBN 0-8020-9624-7, p. 105, note 2.39页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), with many menus including "neve di latte servita con zuccaro sopra" 'milk snow with sugar on top', passim页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Catherine Frances Frere, Prepere newe Booke of Cokerye, 1545 (modern edition 1913) -- cited in Scully
  3. ^ Michelle Berriedale-Johnson, Festive Feasts Cookbook (British Museum), 2004, ISBN 0-299-19510-4, p. 33页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), citing Messisbugo's Banchetti, composizioni di vivande e apparecchio generale
  4. ^ Ouverture de cuisine, "Pour faire neige", p. 123 transcription页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Rabelais, Quart livre, LIX, 1552, éd. R. Marichal, p. 241, cited in the Trésor de la langue française
  6. ^ Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum, 1726, s.v. 'Syllabub' full text页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ Sarah Harrison, The house-keeper's pocket-book, and compleat family cook, 1749, p. 173. full text页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ Whipped Cream Structure | Food Science. www.uoguelph.ca. [2020-01-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-11). 
  9. ^ Aggarwal, M. L. Ultra-Pasteurization of Whipping Cream. Journal of Food and Milk Technology. June 19, 1974, 38: 36–38. 
  10. ^ Jules Gouffée et al., Le livre de pâtisserie, 1873 p. 138
  11. ^ Viet; Cua. Effect of thermal treatment on physical properties and stability of whipping and whipped cream. Journal of Food Engineering. 
  12. ^ Hirsheimer Hamilton. Whip it Real Good: How to Make Whipped Cream at Home. bon appetit. 2014-11-19 [2016-11-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-08). 
  13. ^ Harold McGee, On Food and Cooking, p. 32
  14. ^ E. Dentu. La Cuisine classique: études pratiques, raisonnées et démonstratives de l'Ecole française appliquée au service à la russe. 1868 [2016-11-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-14). 
  15. ^ Wayne Gisslen, Professional Baking, 2008, ISBN 0471783498, p. 264
  16. ^ Aeration Processes, Inc. v. Lange et al., 196 F.2d 981, 93 USPQ 332, United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit, May 20, 1952.
  17. ^ Jules Gouffé. Le livre de patisserie. Hachette. 1873 [2016-11-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-29). 
  18. ^ Rose Levy Beranbaum, The Pie and Pastry Bible, 2009, ISBN 1439130876, p. 550
  19. ^ Alan Imeson, ed., Food Stabilisers, Thickeners and Gelling Agents, 2011, ISBN 1444360337, passim
  20. ^ oetker.Dr. Oetker Whip It页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

参考文献

外部链接

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掼奶油
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